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Bagaimana
laba-laba memperbaiki jaring mereka: adhesi dapat bervariasi tergantung pada
permukaan
Laba-laba
sutra cahaya ...... Memahami
struktur dan cara pembangunan benang ini merupakan tantangan. Sekarang para
ilmuwan telah memeriksa lima spesies laba-laba yang berbeda mengenai adhesi dan
kekuatan tarik sutra tertentu yang mereka gunakan untuk memperbaiki benang ke
permukaan. Seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam studi baru mereka, para ilmuwan
menemukan bahwa substrat memiliki dampak yang sangat signifikan pada adhesi
sutra................
How spiders fix their webs: Adhesion can vary depending on surface
Date:
August 13,
2014
Source:
Christian-Albrechts-Universitaet zu
Kiel
Summary:
Spider silk is light and delicate,
while incredibly resilient and tear-resistant. Understanding the structure and
way of construction of these threads is a challenge. Now scientists have
examined five different spider species regarding the adhesion and tensile
strength of a particular silk they use to fix the main thread to a surface. As
shown in their new study, the scientists found out that the substrate has a
particularly significant impact on the silk’s adhesion.
.........................
Spider silk is light and delicate, while incredibly
resilient and tear-resistant. Understanding the structure and way of
construction of these threads is a challenge taken up by a research team of
Kiel University. The scientists examined five different spider species
regarding the adhesion and tensile strength of a particular silk they use to
fix the main thread to a surface. As shown in their new study published in the
international Journal of the Royal Society Interface,
the scientists found out that the substrate has a particularly significant
impact on the silk's adhesion.
The research
group led by Professor Stanislav Gorb (Institute of Zoology, Kiel University)
has attended to the functional analysis of animal surfaces. Why do a gecko's
feet adhere to a wall? Why does a snake's skin not fray out while the snake is
moving forward? The group's most recent study object is spider silk: spiders
use the so-called safety thread to prevent them from falling, to lower
themselves and to build the web's framework. The threads are fixed to the
surface and other threads by means of so-called attachment discs generated by rotating
motions of the silk glands and applied in the form of a special lattice
pattern.
The
scientists of Stanislav Gorb's research team investigated how attachment discs
adhere to various surfaces. "To this end, we placed the spiders on glass,
Teflon and the leaf of a sycamore maple, and they produced attachment discs on
each surface. Subsequently, we performed tensile tests to measure the strength
necessary to detach the discs from the substrate," says the author of the
current study, Jonas Wolff. According to Wolff, the silk adhered so tightly to
the glass surface that the threads were torn apart before they came off, while
the attachment discs produced on the Teflon substrate could be detached
completely. However, even on the Teflon surface the discs' adhesion was in most
cases sufficient to bear a multiple of the spider's weight. "On the
surface of the leaf, adhesion is eventually reduced to a level where the
attachment discs most often come off completely," adds Wolff.
The
scientists explain this phenomenon with the fact that vegetable surfaces often
contain microstructures and/or waxes which make it harder for herbivorous
insects to walk on them. As a matter of course, spiders have to face this
problem as well if they want to build their webs between plants. "We
assume that the competition between plants and herbivorous insects presented an
evolutionary pressure for spiders to develop better adhesives," says
Wolff.
Currently,
the team is examining the exact structure and functionality of the attachment discs.
"Our findings might be of great value for the development of novel, highly
efficient, economical and ecological adhesives," says project supervisor
Gorb with regard to the applications possibly resulting from this research.
Story
Source:
The above
story is based on materials provided by Christian-Albrechts-Universitaet zu
Kiel. Note:
Materials may be edited for content and length.
Journal
Reference:
- I. Grawe, J. O. Wolff, S. N. Gorb. Composition and substrate-dependent strength of the silken attachment discs in spiders. Journal of The Royal Society Interface, 2014; 11 (98): 20140477 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.0477
