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Ahli biologi menemukan bukti spesies pertama katak monogami

Ahli biologi telah menemukan  di Peru spesies pertama amfibi monogami , Ranitomeya imitator , yang lebih dikenal dengan the mimic poison frog - sebuah temuan yang menyediakan terobosan wawasan faktor ekologi yang memengaruhi perilaku kawin ......read more

Biologists find
proof of first confirmed species of monogamous frog

Date:

March 12, 2010

Source:

East Carolina
University

Summary:

Amphibians may be a
love 'em and leave 'em class, but one frog species defies the norm, scientists
have found. Biologists have discovered in Peru the first confirmed species of
monogamous amphibian, Ranitomeya imitator, better known as the mimic poison
frog -- a finding that provides groundbreaking insight into the ecological
factors that influence mating behavior.

..........................

amphibians may be a love
'em and leave 'em class, but one frog species defies the norm, scientists have
found.

A trio of biologists, including two from East Carolina University, have
discovered in Peru the first confirmed species of monogamous amphibian, Ranitomeya
imitator, better known as the mimic poison frog -- a finding that provides
groundbreaking insight into the ecological factors that influence mating
behavior.

The scientists' work, which is to be published in the April issue of The
American Naturalist, may be the most solid evidence yet that monogamy can
have a single ecological cause.

"We were able to tie the evolution of monogamy and the evolution of
biparental care to variation in a single ecological factor, and that's rare,"
said Kyle Summers, an ECU biology professor whose specialties include
evolutionary ecology and evolutionary genetics. Summers authored the study with
Jason L. Brown, a former ECU graduate student now a researcher at Duke
University, and Victor Morales of Ricardo Palma University in Lima, Peru.

Analyzing data on 404 frog species, the biologists found a strong
association between the use of small pools for breeding, and the evolution of
parental care, including intensive parental care involving egg-feeding and the
participation of both parents. The researchers then focused in on the mating
and parenting habits of two similar frog species, the mimic poison frog and the
R. variabilis, more commonly known as the variable poison frog, that differed
mainly in the size of the breeding-pool.

They theorized that the differences in parental care and mating system
between these otherwise similar species stemmed from the relative availability
of resources in the breeding pools. The tadpole of the mimic poison frog grows
up in much smaller, less nutrient-dense water pools that form in the folds of
tree leaves. They are ferried there after hatching by males, who monitor them
in the months following birth. About once a week, the male calls for his female
partner, who lays non-fertile eggs for the tadpoles to eat.

The variable poison frog, however, raises its tadpoles in larger pools.
Here, as with most amphibians, rearing of the young is handled mostly by the
male.

To test their theory, scientists moved tadpoles from both species into
differently sized pools. Tadpoles in larger pools thrived while tadpoles in
smaller pools did not grow.

This, the scientists said, means that tadpoles living in the larger, more
nutrient-rich pools don't need the work of two parents as much as their
smaller-pond counterparts. Species that raised tadpoles in smaller ponds were
more likely to require the skills of both parents. In turn, this likely favored
parents who remained devoted only to the offspring that they had produced
together.

The researchers used genetic analyses based on techniques similar to the
DNA-based forensic methods used for paternity cases to investigate the mating
system of the mimic poison frog. Surprisingly, the all but one of the families
investigated were completely genetically monogamous. Many animals thought to
practice social monogamy have been found through genetic testing to be less
faithful than previously believed. Monogamy "turns out to be relatively
rare, eve in birds and mammals -- particularly in mammals -- and
reptiles," Summers said. "Finding a frog that has a monogamous mating
system was pretty novel for us."

The biologists' work already has attracted attention from scientific and
popular media, both international and national. While the idea that ecological factors
-- say, scarcity of resources -- have contributed to monogamous behavior in
humans and other animals is well accepted, Summers cautioned against drawing
inferences about human behavior from the findings.

"People are interested in whether there are parallels between mating
systems of other species and our own," he said. "Of course, the human
situation is so different from other species. It's somewhat perilous to over
interpret the similarities. You can't just translate it."







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided by East Carolina University. Note: Materials may be edited
for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.    Jason L. Brown, Victor Morales, and Kyle
Summers. A Key Ecological Trait Drove the Evolution of Biparental Care
and Monogamy in an Amphibian.The American Naturalist, 2010; 175 (4):
436 DOI: 10.1086/650727

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/03/100311192933.htm

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