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Lebah ? Punya vitamin A ? Punya malaria ? Hilangnya penyerbuk/pollinator meningkatkan risiko kekurangan gizi , penyakit
Lebih dari setengah orang-orang di beberapa negara berkembang bisa beresiko baru malnutrion jika hewan penyerbukan tanaman - seperti lebah - terus menurun ,kata para ahli . Meskipun laporan populer mengatakan bahwa penyerbuk/pollinator sangat penting bagi kesehatan gizi manusia , tidak ada penelitian ilmiah telah benar-benar diuji untuk klaim ini - sampai sekarang ....read more
Got bees? Got
vitamin A? Got malaria? Loss of pollinators increases risk of malnutrition,
disease
Date:
January 26, 2015
Source:
University of Vermont
Summary:
More than half the
people in some developing countries could become newly at risk for malnutrition
if crop-pollinating animals -- like bees -- continue to decline, experts say.
Despite popular reports that pollinators are crucial for human nutritional
health, no scientific studies have actually tested this claim -- until now.
..........................
A new study shows that
more than half the people in some developing countries could become newly at
risk for malnutrition if crop-pollinating animals -- like bees -- continue to
decline.
Despite popular reports that pollinators are crucial for human nutritional
health, no scientific studies have actually tested this claim -- until now. The
new research by scientists at the University of Vermont and Harvard University
has, for the first time, connected what people actually eat in four developing
countries to the pollination requirements of the crops that provide their food
and nutrients.
"The take-home is: pollinator declines can really matter to human
health, with quite scary numbers for vitamin A deficiencies, for example,"
says UVM scientist Taylor Ricketts who co-led the new study, "which can
lead to blindness and increase death rates for some diseases, including
malaria."
It's not just plummeting populations of bees. Scientists around the world
have observed a worrisome decline of many pollinator species, threatening the
world's food supply. Recent studies have shown that these pollinators are
responsible for up to forty percent of the world's supply of nutrients.
The new research takes the next step. It shows that in some populations --
like parts of Mozambique that the team studied, where many children and mothers
are barely able to meet their needs for micronutrients, especially vitamin A --
the disappearance of pollinators could push as many as 56 percent of people
over the edge into malnutrition.
The study, "Do Pollinators Contribute to Nutritional Health?" was
led by Alicia Ellis and Taylor Ricketts at UVM's Gund Institute for Ecological
Economics and Samuel Myers at the Harvard School of Public Health. It appears
in the Jan. 9 issue of the journalPLOS ONE.
Diet details matter
The "hidden hunger" associated with vitamin and mineral
deficiencies is estimated to harm more than 1 in 4 people around the globe, the
scientists note, contributing to increased risk of many diseases, reduced IQ
and diminished work productivity. "Continued declines of pollinator
populations could have drastic consequences for global public health," the
team writes.
"This is the first study that quantifies the potential human health
impacts of animal pollinator declines," says Myers. Earlier studies have
shown links between pollinators and crop yields -- and between crop yields and
the availability of food and nutrients. "But to evaluate whether
pollinator declines will really affect human nutrition, you need to know what
people are eating," Myers explains. So the new study examined the full
pathway from pollinators through to detailed survey data about people's daily
diets in parts of Zambia, Mozambique, Uganda and Bangladesh.
"How much mango? How much fish?" says Ricketts. "And from
that kind of data we can find out if they get enough vitamin A, calcium,
folate, iron and zinc." Then the scientists were able to examine the
likely impact a future without pollinators would have on these diets.
Epidemiology meets ecology
And for parts of the developing world, that future could well include
"an increase in neural tube defects from folate deficiency or an increase
in blindness and infectious diseases from vitamin A deficiency," Myers
says, "because we have transformed our landscapes in ways that don't
support animal pollinators anymore."
"We find really alarming effects in some countries for some nutrients
and little to no effect elsewhere," Ricketts says. On the bleak end of the
spectrum, the team projected little difference in Bangladesh, since so many
people there are already malnourished. And, at the other end of the spectrum,
Zambia should be relatively insulated from this risk. That's because -- though
the scientists project reductions in the intake of vitamin A with pollinator
declines in Zambia -- "there is so much vitamin A in the diet already that
it didn't push very many people below the threshold," Myers explains.
This new study fits into an emerging field of research exploring how the
very rapid transformation of Earth's natural systems affects human health. The
big picture? "Ecosystem damage can damage human health," Ricketts
says, "so conservation can be thought of as an investment in public
health."
Story Source:
The above story is based on materials provided by University
of Vermont. The original article was written by Joshua E. Brown. Note:
Materials may be edited for content and length.
Journal Reference:
1. Alicia M. Ellis, Samuel S. Myers, Taylor
H. Ricketts. Do Pollinators Contribute to Nutritional Health? PLoS
ONE, 2015; 10 (1): e114805 DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0114805