Mode manusia menanggapi vaksin HIV adalah conserved dari monyet--T-REC-komunitas reptil-semarang--KSE-komunitas satwa eksotik

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Mode  manusia menanggapi vaksin HIV adalah conserved  dari monyet

Respon antibodi dari percobaan vaksin HIV di Thailand dimungkinkan oleh sifat genetik terbawa pada manusia dari nenek moyang kuno dengan monyet dan kera , menurut sebuah penelitian . Para peneliti melaporkan bahwa vaksin yang diteliti yang menimbulkan respon imun di sekitar 31 persen dari peserta mampu melakukannya karena antibodi motif gen tertentu yang dibagi dengan  rhesus macaques  dan primata lainnya .....read more

Human mode of
responding to HIV vaccine is conserved from monkeys

Date:

January 15, 2015

Source:

Duke Medicine

Summary:

The antibody response
from an HIV vaccine trial in Thailand was made possible by a genetic trait
carried over in humans from an ancient ancestry with monkeys and apes,
according to a study. Researchers report that an investigational vaccine that
elicited an immune response in an estimated 31 percent of participants was able
to do so because of a particular antibody gene motif that is shared with rhesus
macaques and other primates.

.............. 

the antibody response
from an HIV vaccine trial in Thailand was made possible by a genetic trait
carried over in humans from an ancient ancestry with monkeys and apes,
according to a study led by Duke Medicine researchers.

In a study published in the journal Immunity, the researchers
report that an investigational vaccine that elicited an immune response in an
estimated 31 percent of participants was able to do so because of a particular
antibody gene motif that is shared with rhesus macaques and other primates.

When activated by the vaccine, the antibody gene makes it easy for the
immune system to recognize and attack the HIV virus at a specific location on
the outer coat of the virus.

The finding helps further the understanding of how the vaccine candidate, tested
in Thailand in a trial known as RV144, triggered an immune response that
provided modest protection. The RV144 study is the only vaccine trial to show
any efficacy, so it provides data for scientists to mine. Duke researchers have
played a key role in an international collaboration that has discovered many
important clues into why RV144 worked and what it will take to develop a more
efficacious HIV vaccine.

In their analysis, the researchers tracked the immune response in rhesus
macaques that were immunized with a vaccine regimen similar to that used in the
RV144 human trial in Thailand. The researchers found that the monkeys' immune
response was similar to what was seen in humans, and was actually the dominant
response.

"It turns out that this antibody response that can recognize this part
of the HIV envelope is encoded in the genes present throughout primate
development," said lead author Kevin Wiehe, Ph.D. "We found it in
almost every primate species we studied -- macaques, gorillas, bonobos and lemurs.

"When we found it in that many primate species, we then traced it back
to when the common ancestor of humans and lemurs diverged -- 87 million years
ago. HIV has not been around that long, but other monkey retroviruses likely
have, so this is an ancient antibody recognition motif that has been retained
through evolution that is also used to recognize HIV."

Wiehe and colleagues said the ancient genetic trait enables primates to
produce antibodies easily to retrovirus proteins, and presents an opportunity
to seek ways of boosting this ability or building upon it to create an
effective vaccine.

The drawback, however, is that this specific response might compete with
broadly neutralizing antibodies that can defuse the virus regardless of how it
mutates.

"The place on the envelope to which antibodies were made in the RV144
trial is also a site of rare broadly neutralizing antibody binding," said
senior author Barton F. Haynes, director of the Duke Human Vaccine Institute.
"What we have found is that the mode of making the non-broadly
neutralizing antibodies is so dominant, that it is conserved throughout primate
development over millions of years.

"Thus, our primate immune systems have been trained over many years to
respond in this manner," Haynes said. "To make broadly neutralizing
antibodies, we need to bypass this remarkably highly conserved mode of antibody
response to train our immune systems to respond in a new manner. That is where
our current studies are focused."

Wiehe said eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies remains one key goal
of HIV vaccine development, because the HIV virus mutates so rapidly.

"We need antibodies that can recognize multiple strains of the
virus," he said.







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided by Duke Medicine. Note: Materials may be edited
for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.    Kevin Wiehe, David Easterhoff, Kan Luo,
Nathan I. Nicely, Todd Bradley, Frederick H. Jaeger, S. Moses
Dennison, Ruijun Zhang, Krissey E. Lloyd, Christina Stolarchuk, Robert
Parks, Laura L. Sutherland, Richard M. Scearce, Lynn Morris, Jaranit
Kaewkungwal, Sorachai Nitayaphan, Punnee Pitisuttithum, Supachai Rerks-Ngarm,
Faruk Sinangil, Sanjay Phogat, Nelson L. Michael, Jerome H. Kim,
Garnett Kelsoe, David C. Montefiori, Georgia D. Tomaras, Mattia
Bonsignori, Sampa Santra, Thomas B. Kepler, S. Munir Alam,
M. Anthony Moody, Hua-Xin Liao, Barton F. Haynes. Antibody
Light-Chain-Restricted Recognition of the Site of Immune Pressure in the RV144
HIV-1 Vaccine Trial Is Phylogenetically Conserved. Immunity,
2014; 41 (6): 909 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.11.014

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/01/150115152845.htm

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