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Neuroprosthetics bagi  kelumpuhan : biokompatibel , slip implan fleksibel ke sumsum tulang belakang

Terapi baru bagi individu lumpuh setelah cedera tulang belakang . E - Dura implan dapat diterapkan langsung ke sumsum tulang belakang tanpa menyebabkan kerusakan dan peradangan , seperti para ilmuwan melaporkan ....read more

Neuroprosthetics
for paralysis: Biocompatible, flexible implant slips into the spinal cord

Date:

January 8, 2015

Source:

Ecole Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne

Summary:

New therapies are on
the horizon for individuals paralyzed following spinal cord injury. The e-Dura
implant can be applied directly to the spinal cord without causing damage and
inflammation, scientists report.

.........................

EPFL scientists have
managed to get rats walking on their own again using a combination of electrical
and chemical stimulation. But applying this method to humans would require
multifunctional implants that could be installed for long periods of time on
the spinal cord without causing any tissue damage. This is precisely what the
teams of professors Stéphanie Lacour and Grégoire Courtine have developed.
Their e-Dura implant is designed specifically for implantation on the surface
of the brain or spinal cord. The small device closely imitates the mechanical
properties of living tissue, and can simultaneously deliver electric impulses
and pharmacological substances. The risks of rejection and/or damage to the
spinal cord have been drastically reduced.




An article about the implant will appear in early January in Science.

So-called "surface implants" have reached a roadblock; they
cannot be applied long term to the spinal cord or brain, beneath the nervous
system's protective envelope, otherwise known as the "dura mater,"
because when nerve tissues move or stretch, they rub against these rigid
devices. After a while, this repeated friction causes inflammation, scar tissue
buildup, and rejection.

An easy-does-it implant

Flexible and stretchy, the implant developed at EPFL is placed beneath the
dura mater, directly onto the spinal cord. Its elasticity and its potential for
deformation are almost identical to the living tissue surrounding it. This
reduces friction and inflammation to a minimum. When implanted into rats, the
e-Dura prototype caused neither damage nor rejection, even after two months.
More rigid traditional implants would have caused significant nerve tissue
damage during this period of time.

The researchers tested the device prototype by applying their
rehabilitation protocol -- which combines electrical and chemical stimulation
-- to paralyzed rats. Not only did the implant prove its biocompatibility, but
it also did its job perfectly, allowing the rats to regain the ability to walk
on their own again after a few weeks of training.

"Our e-Dura implant can remain for a long period of time on the spinal
cord or the cortex, precisely because it has the same mechanical properties as
the dura mater itself. This opens up new therapeutic possibilities for patients
suffering from neurological trauma or disorders, particularly individuals who
have become paralyzed following spinal cord injury," explains Lacour,
co-author of the paper, and holder of EPFL's Bertarelli Chair in
Neuroprosthetic Technology.

Flexibility of tissue, efficiency of electronics

Developing the e-Dura implant was quite a feat of engineering. As flexible
and stretchable as living tissue, it nonetheless includes electronic elements
that stimulate the spinal cord at the point of injury. The silicon substrate is
covered with cracked gold electric conducting tracks that can be pulled and
stretched. The electrodes are made of an innovative composite of silicon and
platinum microbeads. They can be deformed in any direction, while still
ensuring optimal electrical conductivity. Finally, a fluidic microchannel
enables the delivery of pharmacological substances -- neurotransmitters in this
case -- that will reanimate the nerve cells beneath the injured tissue.
....................

The implant can also be used to monitor electrical impulses from the brain
in real time. When they did this, the scientists were able to extract with
precision the animal's motor intention before it was translated into movement.






Implan juga dapat digunakan untuk memantau impuls listrik dari otak
secara real time . Ketika mereka melakukan ini , para ilmuwan mampu mengekstrak dengan
presisi the animal's motor intention sebelum diterjemahkan ke dalam gerakan .
.......................


"It's the first neuronal surface implant designed from the start for
long-term application. In order to build it, we had to combine expertise from a
considerable number of areas," explains Courtine, co-author and holder of
EPFL's IRP Chair in Spinal Cord Repair. "These include materials science,
electronics, neuroscience, medicine, and algorithm programming. I don't think
there are many places in the world where one finds the level of
interdisciplinary cooperation that exists in our Center for
Neuroprosthetics."

For the time being, the e-Dura implant has been primarily tested in cases
of spinal cord injury in paralyzed rats. But the potential for applying these surface
implants is huge -- for example in epilepsy, Parkinson's disease and pain
management. The scientists are planning to move towards clinical trials in
humans, and to develop their prototype in preparation for commercialization.







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided by Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de
Lausanne. The original article was written by Lionel Pousaz. Note:
Materials may be edited for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.    Ivan R. Minev, Pavel Musienko, Arthur
Hirsch, Quentin Barraud, Nikolaus Wenger, Eduardo Martin Moraud, Jérôme Gandar,
Marco Capogrosso, Tomislav Milekovic, Léonie Asboth, Rafael Fajardo Torres,
Nicolas Vachicouras, Qihan Liu, Natalia Pavlova, Simone Duis, Alexandre
Larmagnac, Janos Vörös, Silvestro Micera, Zhigang Suo, Grégoire Courtine, and
Stéphanie P. Lacour. Electronic dura mater for long-term multimodal
neural interfaces. Science, January 2015 DOI:10.1126/science.1260318

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/01/150108144734.htm

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