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bahan soda popular  , warna karamel , menimbulkan risiko kanker kepada konsumen

Peneliti kesehatan masyarakat telah menganalisis data konsumsi soda untuk mengkarakterisasi eksposur masyarakat untuk produk sampingan yang berpotensi karsinogenik beberapa jenis warna karamel . Warna karamel adalah bahan yang umum dalam cola dan minuman ringan gelap lainnya . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa antara 44 dan 58 persen orang yang berusia di atas enam biasanya memiliki setidaknya satu kaleng soda per hari , mungkin lebih , berpotensi mengekspos mereka pada  4 - methylimidazole ( 4 - MEI ) , karsinogen pada  manusia yang mungkin terbentuk selama memproduksi beberapa jenis warna karamel ....read more

Popular soda
ingredient, caramel color, poses cancer risk to consumers

Date:

February 18, 2015

Source:

Johns Hopkins
Bloomberg School of Public Health

Summary:

Public health
researchers have analyzed soda consumption data in order to characterize
people's exposure to a potentially carcinogenic byproduct of some types of
caramel color. Caramel color is a common ingredient in colas and other dark
soft drinks. The results show that between 44 and 58 percent of people over the
age of six typically have at least one can of soda per day, possibly more,
potentially exposing them to 4-methylimidazole (4-MEI), a possible human
carcinogen formed during the manufacture of some kinds of caramel color.

.....................

public health
researchers have analyzed soda consumption data in order to characterize
people's exposure to a potentially carcinogenic byproduct of some types of
caramel color. Caramel color is a common ingredient in colas and other dark
soft drinks. The results show that between 44 and 58 percent of people over the
age of six typically have at least one can of soda per day, possibly more,
potentially exposing them to 4-methylimidazole (4-MEI), a possible human
carcinogen formed during the manufacture of some kinds of caramel color.

The results were published online today in PLOS One.

Building on an analysis of 4-MEI concentrations in 11 different soft drinks
first published by Consumer Reports in 2014, researchers led by a team at the
Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future (CLF) estimated exposure to 4-MEI
from caramel-colored soft drinks and modeled the potential cancer burden
related to routine soft drink consumption levels in the United States.

"Soft drink consumers are being exposed to an avoidable and unnecessary
cancer risk from an ingredient that is being added to these beverages simply
for aesthetic purposes," says Keeve Nachman, PhD, senior author of the
study and director of the Food Production and Public Health Program at the CLF
and an assistant professor at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public
Health. "This unnecessary exposure poses a threat to public health and
raises questions about the continued use of caramel coloring in soda."

In 2013 and early 2014, Consumer Reports partnered with the CLF to analyze
4-MEI concentrations of 110 soft drink samples purchased from retail stores in
California and the New York metropolitan area. This study pairs those results
with population beverage consumption data from the National Health and
Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in order to estimate the population risks
and cancer burden associated with 4-MEI exposures through soda.

While the 2014 study of the 110 samples of soda brands was not large enough
to recommend one brand over another or draw conclusions about specific brands,
results indicated that levels of 4-MEI could vary substantially across samples,
even for the same type of beverage. "For example, for diet colas, certain
samples had higher or more variable levels of the compound, while other samples
had very low concentrations," says Tyler Smith, lead author of the study
and a program officer with the CLF.

While there's currently no federal limit for 4-MEI in food or beverages,
Consumer Reports petitioned the Food and Drug Administration to set limits for
the potential carcinogen last year. It also shared the findings with the
California Attorney General's office, which enforces the state's Proposition 65
law aimed at reducing consumers' exposure to toxic chemicals. Under this state
law, any food or beverage sold in the state that exposes consumers to more than
a specific amount of 4-MEI per day requires a health-warning label.

"This new analysis underscores our belief that people consume
significant amounts of soda that unnecessarily elevate their risk of cancer
over the course of a lifetime," says Urvashi Rangan, PhD, executive
director for Consumer Reports' Food Safety and Sustainability Center. "We
believe beverage makers and the government should take the steps needed to
protect public health. California has already taken an important step by
setting a threshold for prompting Prop 65 labeling based on daily 4-MEI
exposure from a food or beverage, such as a soda. This study sought to answer a
critical question: How much soda do American consumers drink on average?"

Researchers also found sharply contrasting levels of 4-MEI in some soft
drinks purchased in the New York metropolitan area, versus California.
"Our study also found that some of the soft drink products sold in
California that we sampled had lower levels of 4-MEI than the samples we looked
at of the same beverages sold outside the state, particularly in our earlier
rounds of testing. It appears that regulations such as California's Proposition
65 may be effective at reducing exposure to 4-MEI from soft drinks, and that
beverages can be manufactured in ways that produce less 4-MEI," suggests
Nachman. "An FDA intervention, such as determining maximum levels for
4-MEI in beverages, could be a valuable approach to reducing excess cancer risk
attributable to 4-MEI exposure in the U.S. population."

The research was supported by Consumers Union, Grace Communications
Foundation, and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (1K01HL096409).







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of
Public Health. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.    Tyler J. S. Smith, Julia A. Wolfson,
Ding Jiao, Michael J. Crupain, Urvashi Rangan, Amir Sapkota, Sara N. Bleich,
Keeve E. Nachman. Caramel Color in Soft Drinks and Exposure to
4-Methylimidazole: A Quantitative Risk Assessment. PLOS ONE,
2015; 10 (2): e0118138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118138

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/02/150218191653.htm

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