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Para ilmuwan menemukan bahan alami terkuat yang dikenal manusia
Gigi limpet mungkin bahan alami terkuat yang dikenal manusia , penemuan sebuah studi baru . Keong - kecil air seperti siput - dengan kerang kerucut - memiliki gigi dengan struktur biologis begitu kuat hingga mereka dapat untuk membuat mobil , kapal dan pesawat masa depan ....read more
Scientists find
strongest natural material known to humans
Date:
February 17, 2015
Source:
University of
Portsmouth
Summary:
Limpet teeth might be
the strongest natural material known to humans, a new study has found. Limpets
-- small aquatic snail-like creatures with conical shells -- have teeth with
biological structures so strong they could be copied to make cars, boats and
planes of the future.
.......................
limpet teeth might be the
strongest natural material known to humans, a new study has found.
Researchers from the University of Portsmouth have discovered that limpets
-- small aquatic snail-like creatures with conical shells -- have teeth with
biological structures so strong they could be copied to make cars, boats and
planes of the future.
The study examined the small-scale mechanical behaviour of teeth from
limpets using atomic force microscopy, a method used to pull apart materials
all the way down to the level of the atom.
Professor Asa Barber from the University's School of Engineering led the
study. He said: "Nature is a wonderful source of inspiration for
structures that have excellent mechanical properties. All the things we observe
around us, such as trees, the shells of sea creatures and the limpet teeth
studied in this work, have evolved to be effective at what they do.
"Until now we thought that spider silk was the strongest biological
material because of its super-strength and potential applications in everything
from bullet-proof vests to computer electronics but now we have discovered that
limpet teeth exhibit a strength that is potentially higher."
Professor Barber found that the teeth contain a hard mineral known as
goethite, which forms in the limpet as it grows.
He said: "Limpets need high strength teeth to rasp over rock surfaces
and remove algae for feeding when the tide is in. We discovered that the fibres
of goethite are just the right size to make up a resilient composite structure.
"This discovery means that the fibrous structures found in limpet
teeth could be mimicked and used in high-performance engineering applications
such as Formula 1 racing cars, the hulls of boats and aircraft structures.
"Engineers are always interested in making these structures stronger
to improve their performance or lighter so they use less material."
The research also discovered that limpet teeth are the same strength no
matter what the size.
"Generally a big structure has lots of flaws and can break more easily
than a smaller structure, which has fewer flaws and is stronger. The problem is
that most structures have to be fairly big so they're weaker than we would
like. Limpet teeth break this rule as their strength is the same no matter what
the size."
The material Professor Barber tested was almost 100 times thinner than the
diameter of a human hair so the techniques used to break such a sample have
only just been developed.
He said: "The testing methods were important as we needed to break the
limpet tooth. The whole tooth is slightly less than a millimetre long but is
curved, so the strength is dependent on both the shape of the tooth and the
material. We wanted to understand the material strength only so we had to cut
out a smaller volume of material out of the curved tooth structure."
Finding out about effective designs in nature and then making structures
based on these designs is known as 'bioinspiration'.
Professor Barber said: "Biology is a great source of inspiration when
designing new structures but with so many biological structures to consider, it
can take time to discover which may be useful."
The research was published today in the Royal Society journal Interface.
Story Source:
The above story is based on materials provided by University of Portsmouth. Note: Materials may be edited
for content and length.
Journal Reference:
1. Asa H. Barber, Dun Lu, Nicola M.
Pugno. Extreme strength observed in limpet teeth. Royal
Society journal Interface, 2015 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.1326