Pemetaan genom kenari--T-REC-komunitas reptil-semarang--KSE-komunitas satwa eksotik

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Pemetaan genom kenari

Pecinta alam terpesona oleh meningkatnya jumlah burung bernyanyi ketika  mendekati musim semi  . Para ilmuwan juga mengambil keuntungan dari fenomena musiman ini karena mereka mampu menyelidiki mekanisme yang mendasari ; Namun latar belakang evolusi dan molecularbiological sebagian besar tidak diketahui . Ahli biologi sekarang telah sequencing genom kenari ....read more

Mapping of the
canary genome

Date:

February 4, 2015

Source:

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Summary:

Nature lovers are
fascinated by the increasing number of singing birds when spring is
approaching. Scientists also take advantage of this seasonal phenomenon because
they are able to investigate the underlying mechanism; however the evolutionary
and molecularbiological background is largely unknown. Biologists have now
sequenced the genome of the canary.

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nature lovers are
fascinated by the increasing number of singing birds when spring is
approaching. Scientists also take advantage of this seasonal phenomenon because
they are able to investigate the underlying mechanism; however the evolutionary
and molecularbiological background is largely unknown. A team of researchers
from the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology in Seewiesen and from the Max
Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics in Berlin have now identified the
genome of the canary. With these data they were able to decipher the evolution
of hormone-sensitive gene regulation in seasonal singing birds.

Canaries have been domesticated since the 15th century and are the
descendants of the wild canary that lives on the Azores, Madeira and Canary
Islands in the North Atlantic Ocean. Like their wild ancestors, domesticated
canaries sing stereotyped songs under long-day (breeding) conditions and more
variable songs under short-day (non-breeding) photoperiods. The canary has
become a preferred model to investigate the neurological changes affecting
hormone-dependent song. This is because it has a pronounced reproductive
season, with seasonal changes in song and steroid hormone concentrations, and a
varying degree of brain plasticity between the breeding and the non-breeding
season.

A team of researchers from the department of Behavioural Neurobiology
around Manfred Gahr at the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology in Seewiesen
and from the Sequencing Core Facility under guidance of Bernd Timmermann from
the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics in Berlin together with
colleagues from Brazil and the UK now have studied how hormone-sensitive gene
regulation has evolved in songbirds. The work resulted in the first high
quality assembly and annotation of a female canary genome. In birds, females
are the 'heterogametic' sex (ZW) and therefore the analysed genome sequence
contained both types of sex chromosomes, says Heiner Kuhl from the Max Planck
Institute for Molecular Genetics.

Whole genome alignments between the canary and already identified genomes
throughout the bird taxa showed that on a global scale bird genomes are quite
similar. However, differences appeared when comparisons were conducted on a
finer scale. For example, at the level of the nucleotide there are considerable
species differences, which can impact small genetic sequences, such as steroid
hormone receptor binding sites. Such differences in these regions might lead to
major differences in gene regulation, even between closely related species,
says Carolina Frankl-Vilches from the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology.

Following this global analysis the scientists focused on gene networks that
had three characteristics -- were showing enrichment or under- representation
in the expression profiles of the song control regions HVC and RA, showed
seasonality, and were testosterone-sensitive. To verify whether the
hormone-sensitive elements among these genes are specific for the canary, they
also looked at the genes of the zebra finch because this species did not evolve
hormone-sensitive song expression. Among all HVC expressed genes, including the
seasonal and testosterone-induced gene pools, many were strictly
canary-specific. These analyses reveal specific evolutionary changes in
different parts of the song system that control seasonal singing behaviour.
Thus, in the canary, those genes that are sensitive for testosterone and
estrogen, and are also involved in the rewiring of neurons, might be crucial
for re-differentiation of the underlying neuronal substrate, such as HVC,
leading to seasonal song patterning. The present study demonstrates the need
for high-quality genome assembly to detect the evolution of genes in
comparative studies, says the coordinator of the study, Manfred Gahr from the
Max Planck Institute for Ornithology.







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided by Max-Planck-Gesellschaft. Note: Materials may be edited for
content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.    Carolina Frankl-Vilches, Heiner Kuhl,
Martin Werber, Sven Klages, Martin Kerick, Antje Bakker, Edivaldo H C de
Oliveira, Christina Reusch, Floriana Capuano, Jakob Vowinckel, Stefan Leitner,
Markus Ralser, Bernd Timmermann, Manfred Gahr.Using the canary genome to
decipher the evolution of hormone-sensitive gene regulation in seasonal singing
birds. Genome Biology, 2015; 16 (1) DOI:10.1186/s13059-014-0578-9

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/02/150204125939.htm

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