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ukiran batu pertama Neanderthal yang ditemukan di Gibraltar
Contoh pertama dari ukiran batu dikaitkan dengan Neanderthal telah ditemukan di Gua Gorham , Gibraltar . di lebih dari 39.000 tahun lalu , ...diukir di batu . Analisis mempertanyakan pandangan bahwa produksi penggambaran representasi dan abstrak di dinding gua adalah inovasi budaya yang diperkenalkan ke Eropa oleh manusia modern. Sebaliknya , temuan mendukung hipotesis bahwa Neanderthal memiliki budaya material simbolis ....read more
First
Neanderthal rock engraving found in Gibraltar: Abstract art older than thought?
Date:
September 4, 2014
Source:
CNRS
Summary:
The first example of a
rock engraving attributed to Neanderthals has been discovered in Gorham's Cave,
Gibraltar. Dated at over 39,000 years old, it consists of a deeply impressed
cross-hatching carved into rock. Its analysis calls into question the view that
the production of representational and abstract depictions on cave walls was a
cultural innovation introduced into Europe by modern humans. On the contrary,
the findings support the hypothesis that Neanderthals had a symbolic material
culture.
....................
the first example of a
rock engraving attributed to Neanderthals has been discovered in Gorham's Cave,
Gibraltar, by an international team bringing together prehistorians from the
French Laboratory 'De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel: Culture, Environnement et
Anthropologie' (PACEA -- CNRS/Université Bordeaux/Ministère de la Culture et de
la Communication), and researchers from the UK and Spain. Dated at over 39,000
years old, it consists of a deeply impressed cross-hatching carved into rock.
Its analysis calls into question the view that the production of
representational and abstract depictions on cave walls was a cultural
innovation introduced into Europe by modern humans.
On the contrary, the findings, published Sept. 1 in theProceedings of
the National Academy of Sciences, support the hypothesis that Neanderthals
had a symbolic material culture.
The production of representational and abstract depictions on cave walls is
seen as a key stage in the development of human cultures. Until now, this
cultural innovation was considered to be a characteristic feature of modern
humans, who colonized Europe around 40,000 years ago. It has also frequently
been used to suggest that there were marked cognitive differences between
modern humans and the Neanderthals who preceded them, and who did not express
themselves in this way. The recent discovery in Gorham's Cave changes the
picture.
It consists of an abstract engraving in the form of a deeply impressed
cross-hatching carved into the bedrock at the back of the cave. At the time it
was identified it was covered by a layer of sediment shown by radiocarbon
dating to be 39,000 years old. Since the engraving lies beneath this layer it
is therefore older. This dating, together with the presence of Mousterian*
tools characteristic of Neanderthals in the sediments covering the engraving,
shows that it was made by Neanderthals, who still populated the south of the
Iberian peninsula at that time.
Researchers at the PACEA Laboratory (CNRS/Université de Bordeaux/Ministère
de la Culture et de la Communication) undertook a microscopic analysis of the
engraving, produced a 3-D reconstruction of it, and carried out an experimental
study, which demonstrated its human origin. The work also showed that the
engraved lines are not the result of utilitarian activity, such as the cutting
of meat or skins, but rather that of repeatedly and intentionally passing a
robust pointed lithic tool (a pointed tool made of stone) into the rock to
carve deep grooves. The lines were skilfully carved, and the researchers
calculated that between 188 and 317 strokes of the engraving tool were
necessary to achieve this result.
The discovery supports the view that graphic expression was not exclusive
to modern humans, and that some Neanderthal cultures produced abstract
engravings, using these to mark their living space.
The research was supported by an ERC grant.
*Mousterian culture was produced in Europe by Neanderthals during the
Middle Paleolithic (300,000 to 39,000 years ago).
Story Source:
The above story is based on materials provided by CNRS. Note: Materials may be edited
for content and length.
Journal Reference:
1. J. Rodriguez-Vidal, F. d'Errico, F.
Giles Pacheco, R. Blasco, J. Rosell, R. P. Jennings, A. Queffelec, G.
Finlayson, D. A. Fa, J. M. Gutierrez Lopez, J. S. Carrion, J. J. Negro, S.
Finlayson, L. M. Caceres, M. A. Bernal, S. Fernandez Jimenez, C.
Finlayson. A rock engraving made by Neanderthals in Gibraltar.Proceedings
of the National Academy of Sciences, 2014; DOI:10.1073/pnas.1411529111
