Di tengah kekacauan Libya , ditemukan fosil baru--T-REC-komunitas reptil-semarang--KSE-komunitas satwa eksotik

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Di tengah kekacauan Libya ,  ditemukan fosil baru

Penemuan fosil mamalia ditemukan di Zallah Oasis di Sirt Basin tengah Libya tanggal kembali ke awal Oligosen , antara sekitar 30 dan 31 juta tahun yang lalu . Bekerja di Zallah Oasis di Libya Sirt Basin - daerah yang memiliki " sporadis " produksi fosil vertebrata sejak tahun 1960-an - tim menemukan kelompok fosil mamalia yang sangat beragam dan unik zaman  Oligosen , zaman akhir periode Paleogen ,  ditandai dengan keragaman luas hewan yang akan terlihat aneh bagi kita saat ini , tetapi juga pengembangan spesies penting untuk evolusi manusia .....read more

Amid chaos of
Libya, newly unearthed fossils give clues to our own evolution

Date:

March 9, 2015

Source:

University of Kansas

Summary:

A discovery of mammal
fossils uncovered in the Zallah Oasis in the Sirt Basin of central Libya date
back to the early Oligocene, between about 30 and 31 million years ago. Working
in the Zallah Oasis in Libya's Sirt Basin -- an area that has
"sporadically" produced fossil vertebrates since the 1960s -- the
team discovered a highly diverse and unique group of fossil mammals dating to
the Oligocene, the final epoch of the Paleogene period, a time marked by a
broad diversity of animals that would seem strange to us today, but also
development of species critical to human evolution.

...................

libya hasn't been
terribly hospitable for scientific research lately.

Since the 2011 toppling of Muammar Gaddafi, fighters tied to various
tribes, regions and religious factions have sewn chaos across that nation. Most
recently, ISIS militants in Libya committed mass beheadings that triggered
retaliatory bombings by neighboring Egypt.

"Currently, it is obviously very dangerous to be a Western scientist
in Libya," said Christopher Beard, Distinguished Foundation Professor of
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Kansas. "Even Libyan
citizens are not immune to random violence."

In spite of this turmoil, Beard and a team including fellow scientists from
KU's Biodiversity Institute have just published a discovery of mammal fossils
uncovered in the Zallah Oasis in the Sirt Basin of central Libya. The fossils
date back to the early Oligocene, between about 30 and 31 million years ago.

According to Beard, their paper in the Journal of African Earth
Sciences sheds light on a poorly documented interval of our own
evolutionary history, and shows climate and environmental change can utterly
alter a local ecosystem -- from a wet, subtropical forest in the Eocene to a
dry desert today.

This valuable knowledge makes taking calculated risks in a war-torn land
worth the risk.

"The most important factor is to have local collaborators who are
experienced and who have a good feeling for what is impossible or
dangerous," Beard said. "Our Libyan collaborator is an experienced
and highly accomplished professor of geology at Tripoli University. He has
excellent ties to the Libyan petroleum industry, and he knows the Sahara Desert
of Libya as well as anyone. We consulted closely with him prior to our 2013
expedition, and when he gave us the green light that it was safe to return to
the country -- thanks largely to his logistical arrangements with a local oil
company -- we felt safe about going back, despite State Department warnings
against travel to Libya."

Beard, who participated in both the Libyan fieldwork and subsequent analysis
of the fossil finds, said taking care of logistics was the hardest part of the
work.

"The arrangements were hard to put in place, because we had to
coordinate among a team of four different nationalities, and we required the
consent and active participation of our colleagues working at Zuetina Oil
Company in Zallah," he said.

Working in the Zallah Oasis in Libya's Sirt Basin -- an area that has
"sporadically" produced fossil vertebrates since the 1960s -- the
team discovered a highly diverse and unique group of fossil mammals dating to
the Oligocene, the final epoch of the Paleogene period, a time marked by a
broad diversity of animals that would seem strange to us today, but also
development of species critical to human evolution.

Beard said that the fossil species his team discovered in Libya were
surprisingly different from previous fossils tied to the Oligocene discovered
in next-door Egypt.

"The fact that we are finding different species in Libya suggests that
ancient environments in northern Africa were becoming very patchy at this time,
probably because of global cooling and drying which began a short time
earlier," he said. "That environmental patchiness seems to have
promoted what we call 'allopatric speciation.' That is, when populations of the
same species become isolated because of habitat fragmentation or some other
barrier to free gene flow, given enough time, different species will emerge. We
are still exploring how this new evolutionary dynamic may have impacted the
evolution of primates and other mammals in Africa at this time."

Because Beard's work focuses on the origin and evolution of primates and
anthropoids -- the precursors to humans -- he found the Libyan discovery of a
new species of the primate Apidium to be the most exciting of the fossils
uncovered by the team.

"These are the first anthropoid primate fossils known from the
Oligocene of Libya and the only anthropoid fossils of this age known from
Africa outside of Egypt," said the researcher. "Earlier hypotheses
suggested that anthropoids as a group may have evolved in response to the
global cooling and drying that occurred at the Eocene-Oligocene boundary. Our
new research indicates this was certainly not the case, because anthropoids had
already been around for several million years in Africa prior to that boundary.
But the climate change still had a deep impact on anthropoid evolution, because
habitat fragmentation and an increased level of allopatric speciation took
place as a result. Anthropoids, being forest dwellers, would have been
particularly impacted by forest fragmentation during the Oligocene."

Unfortunately, ongoing strife in Libya makes a return visit to the Sirt
Basin site impossible at the moment. Indeed, armed conflict in that nation
prohibits outside scientist from visiting to safely conduct any kind of field
research.

"The window has now passed," Beard said. "Field research
like that which our team conducts cannot begin again until the country is
stabilized and the personal security of scientific researchers in the field can
be assured."







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided by University
of Kansas. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.    Pauline M.C. Coster, K. Christopher
Beard, Mustafa J. Salem, Yaowalak Chaimanee, Michel Brunet, Jean-Jacques Jaeger. A
new early Oligocene mammal fauna from the Sirt Basin, central Libya:
Biostratigraphic and paleobiogeographic implications. Journal of
African Earth Sciences, 2015; 104: 43 DOI: 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2015.01.006

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/03/150309135132.htm

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