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Laut bawah tanah di bulan terbesar Jupiter , Ganymede
Mengidentifikasi air cair di dunia lain , besar atau kecil , sangat penting dalam pencarian planet layak huni di luar Bumi . Meskipun kehadiran laut di Ganymede telah diprediksi berdasarkan panjang pada model teoritis , Hubble Space Telescope NASA menemukan bukti terbaik untuk itu . Hubble digunakan untuk menonton aurora bersinar di atas permukaan es bulan. Aurora yang terikat pada medan magnet bulan, yang turun sampai ke inti Ganymede . Sebuah laut garam akan mempengaruhi dinamika medan magnet karena berinteraksi dengan medan besar magnetic Jupiter sendiri , pada Ganymede . Karena teleskop tidak dapat melihat ke dalam planet atau bulan , menelusuri medan magnet melalui aurora adalah cara yang unik untuk menyelidiki interior dunia lain ....read more
Underground
ocean on Jupiter's largest moon, Ganymede
Date:
March 12, 2015
Source:
Space Telescope
Science Institute (STScI)
Summary:
Identifying liquid
water on other worlds, big or small, is crucial in the search for habitable
planets beyond Earth. Though the presence of an ocean on Ganymede has been long
predicted based on theoretical models, NASA's Hubble Space Telescope found the
best evidence for it. Hubble was used to watch aurorae glowing above the moon's
icy surface. The aurorae are tied to the moon's magnetic field, which descends
right down to Ganymede's core. A saline ocean would influence the dynamics of
the magnetic field as it interacts with Jupiter's own immense magnetic field,
which engulfs Ganymede. Because telescopes can't look inside planets or moons,
tracing the magnetic field through aurorae is a unique way to probe the
interior of another world.
...................
NASA's Hubble Space
Telescope has the best evidence yet for an underground saltwater ocean on
Ganymede, Jupiter's largest moon. The subterranean ocean is thought to have
more water than all the water on Earth's surface.
Identifying liquid water is crucial in the search for habitable worlds
beyond Earth and for the search for life, as we know it.
"This discovery marks a significant milestone, highlighting what only
Hubble can accomplish," said John Grunsfeld, assistant administrator of
NASA's Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C.
"In its 25 years in orbit, Hubble has made many scientific discoveries in
our own solar system. A deep ocean under the icy crust of Ganymede opens up
further exciting possibilities for life beyond Earth."
Ganymede is the largest moon in our solar system and the only moon with its
own magnetic field. The magnetic field causes aurorae, which are ribbons of
glowing, hot electrified gas, in regions circling the north and south poles of
the moon. Because Ganymede is close to Jupiter, it is also embedded in
Jupiter's magnetic field. When Jupiter's magnetic field changes, the aurorae on
Ganymede also change, "rocking" back and forth.
By watching the rocking motion of the two aurorae, scientists were able to
determine that a large amount of saltwater exists beneath Ganymede's crust,
affecting its magnetic field.
A team of scientists led by Joachim Saur of the University of Cologne in
Germany came up with the idea of using Hubble to learn more about the inside of
the moon.
"I was always brainstorming how we could use a telescope in other
ways," said Saur. "Is there a way you could use a telescope to look
inside a planetary body? Then I thought, the aurorae! Because aurorae are
controlled by the magnetic field, if you observe the aurorae in an appropriate
way, you learn something about the magnetic field. If you know the magnetic field,
then you know something about the moon's interior."
If a saltwater ocean were present, Jupiter's magnetic field would create a
secondary magnetic field in the ocean that would counter Jupiter's field. This
"magnetic friction" would suppress the rocking of the aurorae. This
ocean fights Jupiter's magnetic field so strongly that it reduces the rocking
of the aurorae to 2 degrees, instead of 6 degrees if the ocean were not
present.
Scientists estimate the ocean is 60 miles (100 kilometers) thick -- 10 times
deeper than Earth's oceans -- and is buried under a 95-mile (150-kilometer)
crust of mostly ice.
Scientists first suspected an ocean in Ganymede in the 1970s, based on
models of the large moon. NASA's Galileo mission measured Ganymede's magnetic
field in 2002, providing the first evidence supporting those suspicions. The
Galileo spacecraft took brief "snapshot" measurements of the magnetic
field in 20-minute intervals, but its observations were too brief to distinctly
catch the cyclical rocking of the ocean's secondary magnetic field.
The new observations were done in ultraviolet light and could only be
accomplished with a space telescope high above Earth's atmosphere, which blocks
most ultraviolet light.
The team's results will be published online in the Journal of
Geophysical Research: Space Physics on March 12.
Story Source:
The above story is based on materials provided by Space Telescope Science Institute
(STScI). Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Journal Reference:
1. Joachim Saur, Stefan Duling, Lorenz
Roth, Xianzhe Jia, Darrell F. Strobel, Paul D. Feldman, Ulrich R. Christensen,
Kurt D. Retherford, Melissa A. McGrath, Fabrizio Musacchio, Alexandre
Wennmacher, Fritz M. Neubauer, Sven Simon, Oliver Hartkorn. The Search
for a Subsurface Ocean in Ganymede with Hubble Space Telescope Observations of
its Auroral Ovals. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics,
2015; DOI: 10.1002/2014JA020778
