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Lalat  pollinized pada tanaman Cretaceous 105 juta tahun yang lalu

Date:

July 10, 2015

Source:

Universidad de Barcelona

Summary:

Ketika kita berpikir tentang penyerbukan , gambaran  yang datang pertama ke pikiran kita adalah lebah atau kupu-kupu . Namun, di Cretaceous - 105 juta tahun yang lalu- lebah dan kupu-kupu tidak ada , dan yang paling mendominasi ekosistem darat  oleh tanaman non - berbunga ( gymnosperma ) .....more

............ Sebuah tim peneliti internasional baru-baru ini menemukan beberapa spesimen terbang di gua  El Soplao  ( Cantabria , Spanyol ) . Menurut sebuah artikel yang diterbitkan dalam jurnal ilmiah Current Biology  , spesimen tersebut diberi nektar dan pollinized tanaman gymnosperm 105 juta tahun yang lalu . Xavier Delclòs , profesor di Departemen of Stratigraphy , Paleontology dan Kelautan Geosciences dan peneliti di Lembaga Penelitian Keanekaragaman Hayati ( IRBio ) dari University of Barcelona , adalah salah satu penulis penelitian . Artikel ini juga ditulis oleh Enrique Penalver dan Eduardo Barron ( geologi dan Pertambangan Institut Spanyol, IGME ) ; Antonio Arillo ( Complutense University of Madrid , UCM ) ; David Grimaldi ( American Museum of Natural History ) ; Ricardo Pérez de la Fuente ( Harvard University, USA , ) dan Mark L. Riccioi ( Cornell ( University, USA ) ....more

Flies that
pollinized Cretaceous plants 105 million years ago

Date:

July 10, 2015

Source:

Universidad de Barcelona

Summary:

When we think about pollination, the image that comes first to our mind is
a bee or a butterfly covered by pollen. However, in the Cretaceous —about 105
million years ago— bees and butterflies did not exist, and most terrestrial
ecosystems were dominated by non-flowering plants (gymnosperms).

.........................

When we think about pollination, the image that comes first to our mind is
a bee or a butterfly covered by pollen. However, in the Cretaceous -- about 105
million years ago -- bees and butterflies did not exist, and most terrestrial
ecosystems were dominated by non-flowering plants (gymnosperms).

An international research team has recently discovered some amber fly
specimens in El Soplao cave (Cantabria, Spain). According to an article
published in the scientific journal Current Biology, these
specimens fed on nectar and pollinized gymnosperm plants 105 million years ago.
Xavier Delclòs, professor in the Department ofStratigraphy, Paleontology and
Marine Geosciences and researcher at the Biodiversity Research Institute
(IRBio) of the University of Barcelona, is one of the authors of the study. The
article is also authored by Enrique Peñalver and Eduardo Barron (Geological and
Mining Institute of Spain, IGME); Antonio Arillo (Complutense University of
Madrid, UCM); David Grimaldi (American Museum of Natural History); Ricardo
Pérez de la Fuente (Harvard University, USA,) and Mark L. Riccioi (Cornell
(University, USA).

Plants and insects: a long history

Plants attract insects with different strategies -- for example, with their
sweet and nutritious nectar -- in order to get them transport pollen and enable
the process of pollination. By this way, plants and insects establish a
fundamental symbiotic relationship that plays a key role in the preservation of
terrestrial ecosystems. Besides bees and other similar species, the most
important pollinators in current ecosystems -- where flowering plants
predominate -- are proboscid butterflies, beetles, thrips and flies. On the
contrary, in Cretaceous landscapes, dominant species were gymnosperms (for
examples, pines, firs, cycads) and the main agent of pollination was the wind.

Flies that pollinated Cretaceous plants

Amber from El Soplao (Cantabria) is providing traces of new insect species
key to understand how was life in Cretaceous forests, when today's Iberian
Peninsula was a giant island. The study describes two species of flies, well
preserved in amber, which present a long specialized proboscis and belong to
the family Zhangsolvidae, extinct before dinosaurs. One of the specimens has
hundreds of grains from a Bennettitalean species, an extinct order of
gymnosperms.

The study proves that the internal structure of flies' proboscis has been
preserved at a microscopic level, according to evidence provided by computed
tomography and transmission electron microscopy. The scientific team has showed
that these flies took nectar from plants by approaching them in beating flight,
like hummingbirds do.

When angiosperms began to dominate terrestrial ecosystems

There are few known cases of insects that fossilized when they were
transporting pollen from one flower to another. The new fossils found in
Cantabria show that flies and Bennettitales held a close partnership 105
million years ago. Why amber insects carrying angiosperm pollen have not been
found? According to experts, this is an outstanding scientific finding because
at that moment angiosperms were beginning to dominate terrestrial ecosystems
and diversify in many species.

"If insects were able to feed on gymnosperms flower structures, it is
probably true that the transition to angiosperms took place then," affirm
the authors of the study.







Story Source:

The above post is reprinted from materials provided byUniversidad
de Barcelona. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.   
Enrique Peñalver, Antonio Arillo, Ricardo Pérez-de la Fuente,
Mark L. Riccio, Xavier Delclòs, Eduardo Barrón, David A.
Grimaldi. Long-Proboscid Flies as Pollinators of Cretaceous Gymnosperms. Current
Biology, 2015; DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.05.062

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/07/150710081531.htm

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