Bukti
baru yang menghubungkan evolusi kumbang kotoran ke dinosaurus
Date:
May 4, 2016
Source:
Cleveland Museum of
Natural History
Summary:
Para peneliti telah menemukan koneksi evolusi antara dinosaurus dan kumbang kotoran . Para ilmuwan menemukan bukti molekul pertama yang menunjukkan bahwa kumbang kotoran berkembang dalam hubungannya dengan dinosaurus . Temuan menempatkan asal kumbang kotoran pada periode Kretaseus awal , dengan diversifikasi besar pertama terjadi di tengah-tengah Kretaseus . yang menempatkan asal-usul mereka sekitar 30 juta tahun lebih awal dari yang diperkirakan sebelumnya .
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Para peneliti telah menemukan koneksi evolusi antara dinosaurus dan kumbang kotoran . Sebuah tim ilmuwan internasional menemukan bukti molekul pertama yang menunjukkan bahwa kumbang kotoran berkembang dalam hubungannya dengan dinosaurus. Temuan menempatkan asal kumbang kotoran (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) pada periode Cretaceous awal , dengan diversifikasi besar pertama terjadi di tengah-tengah Cretaceous. menempatkan asal-usul mereka sekitar 30 juta tahun lebih awal dari yang diperkirakan sebelumnya. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi potensi dari kepunahan dengan dinosaurus 66 juta tahun yang lalu. Studi ini dipublikasikan dalam jurnal akses terbuka PLoS ONE.
Penulis utama Dr Nicole Gunter dari The Cleveland Museum of Natural History dihasilkan molekul (DNA) urut data dari 125 kumbang scarab di Insect Collection Nasional Australia, CSIRO, yang selaras dengan data yang diterbitkan sebelumnya untuk membuat dataset Total mewakili 450 spesies kumbang. Data yang digunakan untuk membuat tanggal filogeni molekuler kumbang scarab. Analisis dibandingkan waktu dan hubungan evolusi dari subfamilies scarab herbivora yang memakan langsung pada jaringan tanaman hidup untuk subfamilies scarab saprophagous yang memakan benda mati dan membusuk - termasuk kotoran.
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New evidence
connects dung beetle evolution to dinosaurs
Date:
May 4, 2016
Source:
Cleveland Museum of
Natural History
Summary:
Researchers have found an evolutionary connection between dinosaurs and
dung beetles. Scientists uncovered the first molecular evidence indicating that
dung beetles evolved in association with dinosaurs. The findings place the
origin of dung beetles in the Lower Cretaceous period, with the first major
diversification occurring in the middle of the Cretaceous. This timeline places
their origins approximately 30 million years earlier than previously thought.
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Researchers have found an evolutionary connection between dinosaurs and
dung beetles. An international team of scientists uncovered the first molecular
evidence indicating that dung beetles evolved in association with dinosaurs.
The findings place the origin of dung beetles (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
in the Lower Cretaceous period, with the first major diversification occurring
in the middle of the Cretaceous. This timeline places their origins
approximately 30 million years earlier than previously thought. The research
explores the potential of a co-extinction with dinosaurs 66 million years ago.
The study was published today in the open-access journal PLOS ONE.
Lead author Dr. Nicole Gunter of The Cleveland Museum of Natural History
generated molecular (DNA) sequence data from 125 scarab beetles at the
Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, which were aligned with
previously published data to create a total dataset representing 450 beetle
species. The data were used to create a dated molecular phylogeny of scarab
beetles. Analyses compared timing and evolutionary relationships of herbivorous
scarab subfamilies that feed directly on living plant tissue to saprophagous
scarab subfamilies that feed on dead and decaying matter--including dung.
The results confirmed that the evolution of herbivorous scarab beetles
tracked the ecological dominance of flowering plants, or angiosperms. Interestingly,
the dung beetles also underwent a similar diversification pattern as the
herbivorous scarabs, providing the first evidence of indirect influence of
angiosperms on non-herbivorous insects. The study places the evolution of dung
beetles at about 115 to 130 million years ago in the Lower Cretaceous.
"Surprisingly, the timing and diversification of dung beetles is
correlated with the ecological dominance of angiosperms," said lead author
Dr. Nicole Gunter, invertebrate zoology collections manager at The Cleveland
Museum of Natural History. "Through these findings, we hypothesize that
the incorporation of flowering plants in the diet of dinosaurs resulted in the
first palatable dung source for feeding--providing a new niche for
evolution."
"Dinosaurs were the dominant terrestrial animals for 135 million years
and definitely shaped ecosystems throughout their existence," said
co-author Dr. Stephen Cameron of Queensland University of Technology in
Australia. "This paper is the first to demonstrate that the speciation of
a group was tied to utilizing dinosaurs as an ecological resource--their
dung." The scientists note the existence of dinosaur coprolites
(fossilized feces) showing evidence of tunneling attributed to dung beetle
feeding dated at 70 to 80 million years ago, which is in line with the new
hypothesis on dung beetle evolution outlined in this new study.
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" Dinosaurus adalah hewan darat yang
dominan selama 135 juta tahun dan ekosistem pasti berbentuk seluruh keberadaan
mereka , " kata rekan penulis Dr. Stephen Cameron dari Queensland
University of Technology di Australia . " Makalah ini adalah yang pertama
untuk menunjukkan bahwa spesiasi dari kelompok diikat yang memanfaatkan
dinosaurus sebagai sumber ekologi - . Kotorannya " Para ilmuwan mencatat
keberadaan koprolit dinosaurus ( kotoran membatu ) menunjukkan bukti tunneling yang dikaitkan dengan makanan kumbang kotoran 70 ke 80 juta tahun yang lalu
, yang sejalan dengan hipotesis baru tentang evolusi kumbang kotoran diuraikan
dalam studi baru ini .
"This research provides evidence supporting an extinction of dung
beetles approximately 60 to 70 million years ago that can be readily associated
with the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction of non-avian dinosaurs,"
said Gunter. "Our findings suggest that the loss of dinosaurs and their
dung impacted dung beetle diversification--fortunately, they survived the
extinction event. We hypothesize that modern dung beetles are descended from
species that fed either on the dung of dinosaurs and early mammals, or species already
adapted to feeding on Cretaceous mammal dung. We hope that this research brings
attention to invisible extinctions not captured in the fossil record."
Although the findings challenge previous research that associates the
origin of dung feeding with mammals, this study also indicates dung beetles
diversified at their greatest rate in the Paleogene in line with the major
diversification of mammals. The team suggests that additional research is
needed to disentangle the causes of the most recent diversification and to shed
more light on the survival of dung beetles through the Cretaceous-Paleogene
mass extinction. This story of dinosaurs, flowering plants, mammals and scarab
beetles demonstrates the complex interactions of evolving ecosystems and that it
is possible to determine the drivers of diversification, even for insects where
the limited fossil record provides little insight into Cretaceous life.
Story Source:
The above post is reprinted from materials provided byCleveland
Museum of Natural History. Note: Materials may be edited
for content and length.
Journal Reference:
1.
Nicole L. Gunter, Tom A. Weir, Adam Slipinksi, Ladislav Bocak, Stephen L.
Cameron. If Dung Beetles (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) Arose in
Association with Dinosaurs, Did They Also Suffer a Mass Co-Extinction at the
K-Pg Boundary? PLOS ONE, 2016; 11 (5): e0153570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153570
Sumber :