mamalia seperti reptil selamat lebih lama dari yang di duga
Date:
April 25, 2016
Source:
Kyoto University
Summary:
Para peneliti telah menemukan puluhan fosil gigi di Kuwajima, Jepang, dan mengidentifikasi ini sebagai spesies baru tritylodontid, keluarga hewan yang menghubungkan evolusi mamalia dari reptil. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa tritylodontids co-existed dengan beberapa spesies mamalia awal selama jutaan tahun, menjungkirbalikkan keyakinan bahwa mamalia menghapuskan mamalia seperti reptil segera setelah mereka muncul.
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Gigi dapat mengungkapkan banyak, seperti bagaimana mamalia awal hidup dengan tetangga mereka. Para peneliti telah menemukan puluhan fosil gigi di Kuwajima, Jepang dan diidentifikasi ini sebagai spesies baru tritylodontid, keluarga hewan yang menghubungkan evolusi mamalia dari reptil. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa tritylodontids co-existed dengan beberapa spesies mamalia awal selama jutaan tahun, menjungkirbalikkan keyakinan bahwa mamalia menghapuskan mamalia seperti reptil segera setelah mereka muncul.
Tritylodontids adalah keluarga terakhir yang diketahui dekat dari mamalia reptil-, sebelum mamalia dengan fitur seperti pendengaran maju berkembang.
"Tritylodontids adalah herbivora dengan set yang unik dari gigi yang bersinggungan ketika mereka menggigit," jelas penulis studi Hiroshige Matsuoka, berbasis di Universitas Kyoto. "Mereka memiliki cukup banyak fitur yang sama seperti mamalia - misalnya mereka kemungkinan besar berdarah panas -. Tapi taksonomi berbicara bahwa mereka reptil, karena dalam rahang mereka , mereka masih memiliki tulang yang pada mamalia digunakan untuk mendengar"
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Mammal-like reptile survived much longer than thought
Fossils in Japan overturn widely accepted
theory about tritylodontid extinction
Date:
April 25, 2016
Source:
Kyoto University
Summary:
Researchers have
uncovered dozens of fossilized teeth in Kuwajima, Japan, and identified this as
a new species of tritylodontid, an animal family that links the evolution of
mammals from reptiles. The finding suggests that tritylodontids co-existed with
some of the earliest mammal species for millions of years, overturning beliefs
that mammals wiped out mammal-like reptiles soon after they emerged.
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Teeth can reveal a lot, such as how the earliest mammals lived with their
neighbors. Researchers have uncovered dozens of fossilized teeth in Kuwajima,
Japan and identified this as a new species of tritylodontid, an animal family
that links the evolution of mammals from reptiles. This finding suggests that
tritylodontids co-existed with some of the earliest mammal species for millions
of years, overturning beliefs that mammals wiped out mammal-like reptiles soon
after they emerged.
Tritylodontids are the
last known family of near-mammalian reptiles, before mammals with features such
as advanced hearing evolved.
"Tritylodontids
were herbivores with unique sets of teeth which intersect when they bite,"
explains study author Hiroshige Matsuoka, based at Kyoto University. "They
had pretty much the same features as mammals -- for instance they were most
likely warm-blooded -- but taxonomically speaking they were reptiles, because
in their jaws they still had a bone that in mammals is used for hearing."
While excavating a
geologic layer from the Cretaceous era in Kuwajima, researchers found fossils
of dinosaurs, turtles, lizards, fish, many types of plants, and Mesozoic
mammals. Among these were more than 250 tritylodontid teeth, the first to be
found in Japan.
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Sementara menggali lapisan geologi dari era
Cretaceous di Kuwajima , peneliti menemukan fosil dinosaurus , kura-kura ,
kadal , ikan , banyak jenis tanaman , dan mamalia Mesozoikum . Di antaranya
lebih dari 250 gigi tritylodontid , yang pertama ditemukan di Jepang .
Tritylodontids lived
in the Jurassic era and proliferated worldwide, but were thought to have died
out as herbivorous mammals took over their ecological role in the late
Jurassic. "This made sense, because otherwise tritylodontids and the
herbivorous mammals would have competed for the same niche," says
Matsuoka.
But according to the
team's finding, trytylodontids seem to have survived at least 30 million years
longer than what paleontologists had believed.
"This raises new
questions about how tritylodontids and their mammalian neighbors shared or
separated ecological roles," says Matsuoka.
The study is also the
first of its kind to depend solely on details from teeth to determine whether
the species is new, and also where it sits on the evolutionary tree.
"Usually fossils
are identified as a new species only when a relatively complete set of
structures like a jaw bone are found. In these cases, characteristics of teeth
tend to be described only briefly," adds Matsuoka. "Tritylodontid
teeth have three rows of 2-3 cusps. This time we paid attention to fine details
like the size and shape of each cusp. By using this method it should be
possible to characterize other species on the evolutionary tree as well."
"Because fossils
of so many diverse families of animals are to be found in Kuwajima, we'd like
to keep investigating the site to uncover things not just about individual
species, but also about entire ecological dynamics."
Story Source:
The above post is
reprinted from materials provided by Kyoto University. Note:
Materials may be edited for content and length.
Journal Reference:
1.
Hiroshige Matsuoka, Nao Kusuhashi, Ian J. Corfe. A new Early
Cretaceous tritylodontid (Synapsida, Cynodontia, Mammaliamorpha) from the
Kuwajima Formation (Tetori Group) of central Japan. Journal of
Vertebrate Paleontology, 2016; e1112289 DOI:10.1080/02724634.2016.1112289
sumber :