Memanfaatkan
bakteri usus baru untuk kesehatan manusia
Date:
May 4, 2016
Source:
Wellcome Trust Sanger
Institute
Summary:
Para ilmuwan telah mengembangkan dan meng katalog lebih dari 130 bakteri dari usus manusia . Ketidakseimbangan dalam microbiome usus kita dapat berkontribusi terhadap kondisi yang kompleks dan penyakit seperti obesitas , penyakit radang usus , sindrom iritasi usus dan alergi . Penelitian ini akan memungkinkan para ilmuwan untuk memahami bagaimana bakteri ' microbiome ' membantu menjaga kita sehat dan mulai membuat perawatan yang dibuat dengan bakteri menguntungkan tertentu .
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Para ilmuwan di Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute telah mengembangkan dan meng katalog lebih dari 130 bakteri dari usus manusia menurut sebuah penelitian yang diterbitkan di Nature today (Rabu 4 Mei 2016).
Para peneliti telah mengembangkan suatu proses untuk tumbuhnya mayoritas bakteri dari usus, yang akan memungkinkan para ilmuwan untuk memahami bagaimana bakteri 'microbiome' kita membantu menjaga kita sehat. Ketidakseimbangan dalam microbiome usus kita dapat berkontribusi terhadap kondisi yang kompleks dan penyakit seperti obesitas, Penyakit inflamasi usus, Irritable Bowel Syndrome dan alergi. Penelitian ini akan memungkinkan para ilmuwan untuk mulai membuat perawatan yang dibuat dengan bakteri menguntungkan tertentu.
Penelitian di bidang ini telah berkembang pesat dalam beberapa tahun terakhir dengan microbiome usus yang disebut sebagai 'forgotten organ', yang penting untuk kesehatan manusia. Sekitar 2 persen dari berat badan seseorang adalah karena bakteri. Banyak dari bakteri ini sensitif terhadap oksigen dan sulit untuk dikultur di laboratorium, sehingga sampai sekarang sudah sangat sulit untuk mengisolasi dan mempelajari mereka.
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'Bugs' as drugs:
Harnessing novel gut bacteria for human health
Date:
May 4, 2016
Source:
Wellcome Trust Sanger
Institute
Summary:
Scientists have grown and catalogued more than 130 bacteria from the human
intestine. Imbalances in our gut microbiome can contribute to complex
conditions and diseases such as obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable
bowel syndrome and allergies. This research will enable scientists to
understand how our bacterial 'microbiome' helps keep us healthy and start to
create tailor-made treatments with specific beneficial bacteria.
.................
Scientists at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute have grown and catalogued
more than 130 bacteria from the human intestine according to a study published
in Nature today (Wednesday May 4, 2016).
The researchers have developed a process to grow the majority of bacteria
from the gut, which will enable scientists to understand how our bacterial
'microbiome' helps keep us healthy. Imbalances in our gut microbiome can
contribute to complex conditions and diseases such as obesity, Inflammatory
Bowel Disease, Irritable Bowel Syndrome and allergies. This research will allow
scientists to start to create tailor-made treatments with specific beneficial
bacteria.
Research in this field has expanded greatly in recent years with the
intestinal microbiome being termed a 'forgotten organ', such is its importance
to human health. Approximately 2 per cent of a person's body weight is due to
bacteria. Many of these bacteria are sensitive to oxygen and are difficult to
culture in the laboratory, so until now it has been extremely difficult to
isolate and study them.
Hilary Browne, based in the Host-Microbiota Interactions Laboratory, at the
Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, explains: "It has become increasingly
evident that microbial communities play a large role in human health and disease.
By developing a new process to isolate gastrointestinal bacteria, we were able
to sequence their genomes to understand more about their biology. We can also
store them for long periods of time making them available for further
research."
Antibiotics wipe out our gut bacteria -- killing both the pathogen targets
and the beneficial bacteria too. There is then the potential for less desirable
bacteria, such as those with antibiotic resistance, to repopulate the gut
faster than the beneficial bacteria, leading to further health issues, such asClostridium
difficile infection.
Current treatment for C. difficile infection can involve
transplants of faeces from healthy people, to repopulate the gut. However this
treatment is far from ideal. Using the library of new bacteria, Dr Trevor
Lawley and his team at the Sanger Institute are hoping to create a pill,
containing a rationally selected, defined mix of bacteria, which could be taken
by patients and replace faecal transplants.
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pengobatan saat ini untuk infeksi C. difficile dapat melibatkan transplantasi tinja dari orang sehat , untuk terisi kembali di usus . Namun pengobatan ini jauh dari ideal . Menggunakan perpustakaan bakteri baru , Dr Trevor Lawley dan timnya di Sanger Institute berharap untuk membuat pil , mengandung pilihan rasional ,didefinisikan campuran dari bakteri , yang bisa diambil oleh pasien dan menggantikan transplantasi feses
Dr Sam Forster from the Sanger Institute and Hudson Institute of Medical
Research in Australia said: "The extensive database of genomes we have
generated from these bacteria is also essential for studying which bacteria are
present or absent in people with gastrointestinal conditions. Now we can start
to design mixtures of therapeutics candidates for use in these diseases."
For the first time, the researchers also looked at the proportion of
bacteria that form spores within the gut. Spores are a form of bacterial
hibernation allowing some bacteria to remain dormant for long periods of time.
They found approximately one third of the gut microbiota from a healthy person
produced spores that allow bacteria to survive in the open air and potentially
move between people. This provides a means of microbiota transmission that has
not been considered before and could imply that health and certain diseases
could be passed, not just through human genetics, but also via the microbiome.
Dr Trevor Lawley, group leader at the Sanger Institute said: "Being
able to cast light on this microbial 'Dark matter' has implications for the
whole of biology and how we consider health. We will be able to isolate the
microbes from people with a specific disease, such as infection, cancers or
autoimmune diseases, and study these microbes in a mouse model to see what
happens. Studying our 'second' genome, that of the microbiota, will lead to a
huge increase in our understanding of basic biology and the relationship
between our gut bacteria and health and disease."
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Dr Trevor Lawley , pemimpin kelompok di Sanger Institute mengatakan : " Mampu melemparkan cahaya pada mikroba ' Materi gelap ' memiliki implikasi untuk seluruh biologi dan bagaimana kita mempertimbangkan kesehatan kita akan dapat mengisolasi mikroba dari orang-orang dengan . penyakit tertentu , seperti infeksi , kanker atau penyakit autoimun , dan mempelajari mikroba ini dalam model tikus untuk melihat apa yang terjadi . mempelajari genom ' kedua ' kita , yang dari mikrobiota , akan menyebabkan peningkatan besar dalam pemahaman kita tentang biologi dasar dan hubungan antara bakteri usus dan kesehatan dan penyakit . "
Story Source:
The above post is reprinted from materials provided byWellcome
Trust Sanger Institute. Note: Materials may be edited for content
and length.
Journal Reference:
1.
Hilary P. Browne, Samuel C. Forster, Blessing O. Anonye, Nitin Kumar, B.
Anne Neville, Mark D. Stares, David Goulding, Trevor D. Lawley. Culturing
of ‘unculturable’ human microbiota reveals novel taxa and extensive sporulation. Nature,
2016; DOI: 10.1038/nature17645
Sumber :