Tiga dunia berpotensi dihuni ditemukan di sekitar bintang kerdil dekat ultracool
Date:
May 2, 2016
Source:
European Southern
Observatory - ESO
Summary:
Para astronom telah menemukan tiga planet yang mengorbit bintang dwarf ultracool hanya 40 tahun cahaya dari Bumi . planet planet ini memiliki ukuran dan suhu yang mirip dengan Venus dan Bumi dan target terbaik yang ditemukan sejauh ini untuk mencari kehidupan di luar Tata Surya . Mereka adalah planet pertama yang pernah ditemukan seperti di sekitar bintang kecil dan redup .
Para astronom telah menemukan tiga planet yang mengorbit bintang dwarf ultracool hanya 40 tahun cahaya dari Bumi . planet planet ini memiliki ukuran dan suhu yang mirip dengan Venus dan Bumi dan target terbaik yang ditemukan sejauh ini untuk mencari kehidupan di luar Tata Surya . Mereka adalah planet pertama yang pernah ditemukan seperti di sekitar bintang kecil dan redup .
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Para astronom menggunakan teleskop Trappist di ESO La Silla Observatory telah menemukan tiga planet yang mengorbit bintang kerdil ultracool hanya 40 tahun cahaya dari Bumi . planet planet ini memiliki ukuran dan suhu yang mirip dengan Venus dan Bumi dan target terbaik yang ditemukan sejauh ini untuk mencari kehidupan di luar Tata Surya . Mereka adalah planet pertama yang pernah ditemukan seperti di sekitar bintang kecil dan redup . Hasil baru akan dipublikasikan dalam jurnal Nature pada 2 Mei 2016 .
Sebuah tim astronom yang dipimpin oleh Michaël Gillon , dari Institut d' Astrophysique et Geophysique di University of Liège di Belgia , telah menggunakan teleskop Trappist Belgia untuk mengamati bintang 2MASS J23062928-0502285 kini juga dikenal sebagai Trappist - 1 . Mereka menemukan bahwa bintang redup dan sejuk ini memudar sedikit secara berkala , menunjukkan bahwa beberapa objek yang melewati antara bintang dan Bumi . analisis rinci menunjukkan bahwa tiga planet yang hadir dengan ukuran serupa Bumi .
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Three
potentially habitable worlds found around nearby ultracool dwarf star
Date:
May 2, 2016
Source:
European Southern
Observatory - ESO
Summary:
Astronomers have discovered three planets orbiting an ultracool dwarf star
just 40 light-years from Earth. These worlds have sizes and temperatures
similar to those of Venus and Earth and are the best targets found so far for
the search for life outside the Solar System. They are the first planets ever
discovered around such a tiny and dim star.
......................
Astronomers using the TRAPPIST telescope at ESO's La Silla Observatory have
discovered three planets orbiting an ultracool dwarf star just 40 light-years
from Earth. These worlds have sizes and temperatures similar to those of Venus
and Earth and are the best targets found so far for the search for life outside
the Solar System. They are the first planets ever discovered around such a tiny
and dim star. The new results will be published in the journal Nature on 2 May
2016.
A team of astronomers led by Michaël Gillon, of the Institut
d'Astrophysique et Géophysique at the University of Liège in Belgium, have used
the Belgian TRAPPIST telescope to observe the star 2MASS J23062928-0502285 now
also known as TRAPPIST-1. They found that this dim and cool star faded slightly
at regular intervals, indicating that several objects were passing between the
star and the Earth. Detailed analysis showed that three planets with similar
sizes to the Earth were present.
TRAPPIST-1 is an ultracool dwarf star -- it is much cooler and redder than
the Sun and barely larger than Jupiter. Such stars are both very common in the
Milky Way and very long-lived, but this is the first time that planets have
been found around one of them. Despite being so close to the Earth, this star
is too dim and too red to be seen with the naked eye or even visually with a
large amateur telescope. It lies in the constellation of Aquarius (The Water
Carrier).
Emmanuël Jehin, a co-author of the new study, is excited: "This really
is a paradigm shift with regards to the planet population and the path towards
finding life in the Universe. So far, the existence of such 'red worlds'
orbiting ultra-cool dwarf stars was purely theoretical, butnow we have not just
one lonely planet around such a faint red star but a complete system of three
planets!"
Michaël Gillon, lead author of the paper presenting the discovery, explains
the significance of the new findings: "Why are we trying to detect
Earth-like planets around the smallest and coolest stars in the solar
neighbourhood? The reason is simple: systems around these tiny stars are the
only places where we can detect life on an Earth-sized exoplanet with our
current technology. So if we want to find life elsewhere in the Universe, this
is where we should start to look."
Astronomers will search for signs of life by studying the effect that the
atmosphere of a transiting planet has on the light reaching Earth. For
Earth-sized planets orbiting most stars this tiny effect is swamped by the
brilliance of the starlight. Only for the case of faint red ultra-cool dwarf
stars -- like TRAPPIST-1 -- is this effect big enough to be detected.
Follow-up observations with larger telescopes, including the HAWK-I
instrument on ESO's 8-metre Very Large Telescope in Chile, have shown that the
planets orbiting TRAPPIST-1 have sizes very similar to that of Earth. Two of
the planets have orbital periods of about 1.5 days and 2.4 days respectively,
and the third planet has a less well determined period in the range 4.5 to 73
days.
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Tindak lanjut pengamatan dengan teleskop yang
lebih besar , termasuk HAWK - I instrumen pada 8 meter Very Large Telescope ESO
di Chile , telah menunjukkan bahwa planet-planet yang mengorbit Trappist - 1
memiliki ukuran yang sangat mirip dengan Bumi . Dua planet memiliki periode
orbital sekitar 1,5 hari dan 2,4 hari masing-masing nya ,
dan planet ketiga memiliki masa kurang baik ditentukan dalam kisaran 4,5-73
hari .
"With such short orbital periods, the planets are between 20 and 100
times closer to their star than the Earth to the Sun. The structure of this
planetary system is much more similar in scale to the system of Jupiter's moons
than to that of the Solar System," explains Michaël Gillon.
Although they orbit very close to their host dwarf star, the inner two
planets only receive four times and twice, respectively, the amount of radiation
received by the Earth, because their star is much fainter than the Sun. That
puts them closer to the star than the habitable zone for this system, although
it is still possible that they possess habitable regions on their surfaces. The
third, outer, planet's orbit is not yet well known, but it probably receives
less radiation than the Earth does, but maybe still enough to lie within the
habitable zone.
"Thanks to several giant telescopes currently under construction,
including ESO's E-ELT and the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope due to
launch for 2018, we will soon be able to study the atmospheric composition of
these planets and to explore them first for water, then for traces of
biological activity. That's a giant step in the search for life in the
Universe," concludes Julien de Wit, a co-author from the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology (MIT) in the USA.
This work opens up a new direction for exoplanet hunting, as around 15% of
the stars near to the Sun are ultra-cool dwarf stars, and it also serves to
highlight that the search for exoplanets has now entered the realm of
potentially habitable cousins of the Earth. The TRAPPIST survey is a prototype
for a more ambitious project called SPECULOOS that will be installed at ESO's
Paranal Observatory.
Story Source:
The above post is reprinted from materials provided byEuropean
Southern Observatory - ESO. Note: Materials may be edited
for content and length.
Journal Reference:
1.
Michaël Gillon, Emmanuël Jehin, Susan M. Lederer, Laetitia Delrez, Julien
de Wit, Artem Burdanov, Valérie Van Grootel, Adam J. Burgasser, Amaury H. M. J.
Triaud, Cyrielle Opitom, Brice-Olivier Demory, Devendra K. Sahu, Daniella
Bardalez Gagliuffi, Pierre Magain, Didier Queloz. Temperate Earth-sized
planets transiting a nearby ultracool dwarf star.Nature, 2016; DOI: 10.1038/nature17448
Sumber :