bintang Dwarf 200
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tentang Dwarf star,star,bintang,constellation,Boötes,konstelasi,carbon,
nitrogen,oxygen,hydrogen,solar system,bintang
Dwarf 200 tahun cahaya mengandung blok bangunan
kehidupan,tata surya
bintang Dwarf 200
tahun cahaya mengandung blok bangunan kehidupan
Objek di konstelasi Boötes dengan
karbon, nitrogen, oksigen dan hidrogen
Tanggal:
9 Februari 2017
Sumber:
University of California - Los Angeles
Ringkasan:
Banyak ilmuwan percaya bahwa Bumi
awalnya kering dan air, karbon
dan nitrogen - blok bangunan untuk kehidupan -
mungkin datang sebagai
hasil dari tabrakan dengan benda-benda yang dimulainya kehidupan
dalam mencapai luar dingin tata surya kita.
Hari ini, para ilmuwan melaporkan
penemuan keberadaan hanya seperti objek -
yang pernah mengorbit
bintang tetangga.
........................
Banyak ilmuwan percaya bahwa Bumi adalah
kering ketika pertama kali dibentuk,
dan bahwa blok bangunan untuk kehidupan di
planet kita - karbon, nitrogen
dan air - muncul hanya kemudian sebagai akibat
dari tabrakan dengan
objek lain dalam sistem tata surya kita yang memiliki
elemen-elemen .
Hari ini, tim yang dipimpin ilmuwan UCLA
melaporkan bahwa telah ditemukan
adanya sebuah
bintang kerdil putih dengan suasana kaya
karbon dan nitrogen,
serta oksigen dan hidrogen, komponen air. bintang Kerdil
putih adalah
sekitar 200 tahun cahaya dari Bumi dan terletak di konstelasi
Boötes .
label
Dwarf star,star,bintang,constellation,Boötes,konstelasi,carbon,
nitrogen,oxygen,hydrogen,solar system,bintang
Dwarf 200 tahun cahaya mengandung blok bangunan
kehidupan,tata surya
...........................
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Dwarf star 200 light years away contains life's building
blocks
Object in the constellation Boötes with carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and
hydrogen
Date:
February
9, 2017
Source:
University
of California - Los Angeles
Summary:
Many scientists believe the Earth was initially dry and that
water, carbon and nitrogen -- the building blocks for life -- likely came as a
result of collisions with objects that began their lives in the cold outer
reaches of our solar system. Today, scientists report discovery of the
existence of just such an object -- one that once orbited a neighboring star.
........................
Many scientists believe the Earth was
dry when it first formed, and that the building blocks for life on our planet
-- carbon, nitrogen and water -- appeared only later as a result of collisions
with other objects in our solar system that had those elements.
Today, a UCLA-led team of scientists
reports that it has discovered the existence of a white dwarf star whose
atmosphere is rich in carbon and nitrogen, as well as in oxygen and hydrogen,
the components of water. The white dwarf is approximately 200 light years from Earth
and is located in the constellation Boötes.
Benjamin Zuckerman, a co-author of the
research and a UCLA professor of astronomy, said the study presents evidence
that the planetary system associated with the white dwarf contains materials
that are the basic building blocks for life. And although the study focused on
this particular star -- known as WD 1425+540 -- the fact that its planetary
system shares characteristics with our solar system strongly suggests that
other planetary systems would also.
"The findings indicate that some
of life's important preconditions are common in the universe," Zuckerman
said.
The scientists report that a minor
planet in the planetary system was orbiting around the white dwarf, and its
trajectory was somehow altered, perhaps by the gravitational pull of a planet
in the same system. That change caused the minor planet to travel very close to
the white dwarf, where the star's strong gravitational field ripped the minor
planet apart into gas and dust. Those remnants went into orbit around the white
dwarf -- much like the rings around Saturn, Zuckerman said -- before eventually
spiraling onto the star itself, bringing with them the building blocks for
life.
The researchers think these events
occurred relatively recently, perhaps in the past 100,000 years or so, said
Edward Young, another co-author of the study and a UCLA professor of
geochemistry and cosmochemistry. They estimate that approximately 30 percent of
the minor planet's mass was water and other ices, and approximately 70 percent
was rocky material.
The research suggests that the minor
planet is the first of what are likely many such analogs to objects in our
solar system's Kuiper belt. The Kuiper belt is an enormous cluster of small
bodies like comets and minor planets located in the outer reaches of our solar
system, beyond Neptune. Astronomers have long wondered whether other planetary
systems have bodies with properties similar to those in the Kuiper belt, and
the new study appears to confirm for the first time that one such body exists.
White dwarf stars are dense, burned-out
remnants of normal stars. Their strong gravitational pull causes elements like
carbon, oxygen and nitrogen to sink out of their atmospheres and into their
interiors, where they cannot be detected by telescopes.
The research, published in the Astrophysical
Journal Letters, describes how WD 1425+540 came to obtain carbon,
nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen. This is the first time a white dwarf with
nitrogen has been discovered, and one of only a few known examples of white
dwarfs that have been impacted by a rocky body that was rich in water ice.
"If there is water in Kuiper
belt-like objects around other stars, as there now appears to be, then when
rocky planets form they need not contain life's ingredients," said Siyi
Xu, the study's lead author, a postdoctoral scholar at the European Southern
Observatory in Germany who earned her doctorate at UCLA.
"Now we're seeing in a planetary
system outside our solar system that there are minor planets where water,
nitrogen and carbon are present in abundance, as in our solar system's Kuiper
belt," Xu said. "If Earth obtained its water, nitrogen and carbon
from the impact of such objects, then rocky planets in other planetary systems
could also obtain their water, nitrogen and carbon this way."
A rocky planet that forms relatively
close to its star would likely be dry, Young said.
"We would like to know whether in
other planetary systems Kuiper belts exist with large quantities of water that
could be added to otherwise dry planets," he said. "Our research
suggests this is likely."
According to Zuckerman, the study
doesn't settle the question of whether life in the universe is common.
"First you need an Earth-like
world in its size, mass and at the proper distance from a star like our
sun," he said, adding that astronomers still haven't found a planet that
matches those criteria.
The researchers observed WD 1425+540
with the Keck Telescope in 2008 and 2014, and with the Hubble Space Telescope
in 2014. They analyzed the chemical composition of its atmosphere using an
instrument called a spectrometer, which breaks light into wavelengths.
Spectrometers can be tuned to the wavelengths at which scientists know a given
element emits and absorbs light; scientists can then determine the element's
presence by whether it emits or absorbs light of certain characteristic
wavelengths. In the new study, the researchers saw the elements in the white
dwarf's atmosphere because they absorbed some of the background light from the
white dwarf.
Story Source:
Materials provided
by University of California - Los Angeles.
Original written by Stuart Wolpert. Note: Content may be edited for
style and length.
Journal Reference:
1.
S. Xu (许偲艺),
B. Zuckerman, P. Dufour, E. D. Young, B. Klein, M. Jura. The
Chemical Composition of an Extrasolar Kuiper-Belt-Object. The Astrophysical
Journal, 2017; 836 (1): L7 DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/836/1/L7