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Penyebaran cepat evolusi spesies tanaman eksotik
Rapid evolution aids spread of exotic plant species
Date:
May 23, 2014
Source:
KU Leuven
Summary:
The first genetic evidence that rapid evolution can
help non-native plant species spread in new environments has been presented by
a team of biologists. Using samples of centuries-old herbaria and DNA analysis,
the researchers reconstructed the genetic adaptations undergone by the Pyrenean
rocket prior to its rapid spread in Belgium.
....................
A team of Belgian biologists led by researchers at KU Leuven
has provided the first genetic evidence that rapid evolution can help
non-native plant species spread in new environments. Using samples of
centuries-old herbaria and DNA analysis, the researchers reconstructed the
genetic adaptations undergone by the Pyrenean rocket prior to its rapid spread
in Belgium.
The Pyrenean
rocket (Sisymbrium austriacum subsp. Chrysanthum) is a plant that
grows in the mountains of southern Europe and is particularly prevalent in the
Pyrenees. The species was first reported in Belgium -- 1,200 kilometres north
of its native range -- in the first half of the 19th century. Seeds from the
plant were most likely introduced alongside the wool industry in and around
Verviers. The Pyrenean rocket took root on the banks of the River Vesdre in
Verviers and later spread across the Meuse basin towards the Netherlands.
The
colonization history of the Pyrenean rocket is well documented, explains
postdoctoral researcher and corresponding author Katrien Vandepitte (Plant
Conservation and Population Biology Research Group): "We found dried
specimens of the Pyrenean rocket in herbaria from the 19th and 20th centuries
and were able to isolate DNA from these samples. We then compared this DNA with
the genetic profile of contemporary samples from Belgium and the Pyrenees. This
gave us a unique opportunity to reconstruct when and how an exotic plant
species genetically adapted to a new environment."
20
generations
"When
we looked at the genetic evolution of the Pyrenean rocket, we found the
greatest divergences in a set of genes that regulate flowering time, an
important plant fitness trait. When we compared current individuals taken from
our region and the Pyrenees, both grown under Belgian conditions, the Belgian
variant bloomed later."
"Our
DNA analysis shows that the Belgian variant genetically adapted quite rapidly
-- in about 20 generations. This very likely helped the plant to survive and
spread here."
"Our
findings are important because until now evidence supporting the hypothesis
that exotic plants can spread after a period of rapid genetic adaptation has
been very scant," says Dr. Vandepitte.
The results
also suggest that we should be wary of 'latent' non-native plant species.
"These plants can be present in small numbers for years before spreading
as a result of genetic adaptation. The Pyrenean rocket is a harmless plant, but
some exotics can become a real plague. And this can occur even after a period
of unproblematic presence in a non-native environment."
Story
Source:
The above
story is based on materials provided by KU Leuven. The
original article was written by Ilse Frederickx. Note: Materials may be
edited for content and length.
Journal
Reference:
- Katrien Vandepitte, Tim de Meyer, Kenny Helsen, Kasper van Acker, Isabel Roldán-Ruiz, Joachim Mergeay, Olivier Honnay. Rapid genetic adaptation precedes the spread of an exotic plant species. Molecular Ecology, 2014; 23 (9): 2157 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12683
Cite This
Page:
KU Leuven. "Rapid evolution
aids spread of exotic plant species." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 23 May
2014. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/05/140523094259.htm>.