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Kanker dan chemobrain : diagnosis kanker mempengaruhi fungsi kognitif--T-REC-komunitas reptil-semarang--KSE-komunitas satwa eksotik

10.02

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Kanker dan chemobrain : diagnosis kanker mempengaruhi fungsi kognitif

Penderita kanker payudara sering menampilkan cacat kognitif ringan bahkan sebelum memulai kemoterapi . Sebuah studi baru ..... sindrom stres pasca-trauma yang disebabkan oleh diagnosis penyakit.....read more




Cancer and
chemobrain: Cancer diagnosis affects cognitive function

Date:

April 17, 2015

Source:

Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet
Muenchen (LMU)

Summary:

Breast cancer patients
often display mild cognitive defects even before the initiation of
chemotherapy. A new study now attributes the syndrome to post-traumatic stress
induced by diagnosis of the disease




......................

breast cancer patients
often display mild cognitive defects even before the initiation of
chemotherapy. A new study by Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet (LMU) in Munich
researchers now attributes the syndrome to post-traumatic stress induced by
diagnosis of the disease.

A large number of studies have shown that cancer patients very often
exhibit mild deficits of attention, memory and other basic cognitive functions.
The phenomenon has generally been attributed to putative side-effects of
chemotherapeutic drugs on the brain, and the condition is therefore popularly
referred to as chemobrain. -- However, more recent investigations have detected
symptoms of chemobrain in patients who had not yet embarked on a course of
chemotherapy. Now a research team led by LMU's Dr. Kerstin Hermelink at the
Breast Center in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics at Munich
University Hospital has shown that, in breast cancer patients, pretreatment
cognitive impairment is most probably due to posttraumatic stress induced by
diagnosis of the malignancy itself. The group's findings have just appeared in
the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

Much of the published evidence for the appearance of pretreatment
perturbations of cognitive function has come from studies on breast cancer
patients, and several hypotheses have been advanced to account for these
findings. For example, it has been proposed that malignant disease might itself
disrupt certain brain functions by activating the secretion of cytokines that
modulate the immune system. An alternative suggestion is based on the idea that
cancer and cognitive impairment might have a common genetic basis. The latest
data come from a multicenter study called Cognicares (Cognition in Breast
Cancer Patients -- the Impact of Cancer-related Stress), in which the LMU
researchers have tested a quite different theory, for which their findings now
provide strong support.

Diagnosis-associated trauma

"Cancer patients can perceive and experience their condition as a
severe trauma. Indeed, many of them develop symptoms of post-traumatic stress
disorder, particularly in the early phase after they receive the
diagnosis," says Kerstin Hermelink. "Stress has a very considerable
influence on cognitive performance and definitely impacts on brain function --
so it was quite natural for us to ask whether the cognitive deficiencies
displayed by many breast cancer patients might not be attributable to the
stress that is inevitably associated with malignant disease."

Hermelink and her colleagues studied 166 women who had been diagnosed with
breast cancer and 60 others in whom screening of the breast had revealed no
signs of disease. The participants were assessed at three times during the
first year following the diagnosis. Prior to the first course of treatment, the
patients and the healthy controls exhibited very similar levels of performance
on standard cognitive tests. However, in one specific test of attention,
members of the patient group had a significantly higher error rate. "And
as we suspected at the outset, the higher failure rate in this test could be
linked to post-traumatic stress -- the greater the level of stress, the more
errors they made, and statistical analysis confirmed that the correlation was
highly significant," as Kerstin Hermelink explains.

Some good news too

Interestingly, the extent of pretreatment cognitive impairment detected in
the Cognicares study was considerably lower than that reported in several
earlier investigations. "This is probably because we took great pains to
control effectively for the possible impact of factors that could have
distorted the interpretation of the results," says Hermelink. "In
particular, we made sure that differences in the composition of the two groups
were minimized as far as possible." This is important because even slight
differences in age structure, level of education or intelligence between the
patients and the control group can result in discrepancies in cognitive
performance on standardized tests, which could mask -- or amplify -- the extent
of cognitive impairment displayed by the patients.

"For breast cancer patients our findings are good news," says
Kerstin Hermelink. "At all events -- in pretreatment phase at least --
they give no grounds for the belief that such patients suffer from more than
minimal cognitive deficiencies, which are induced by the stress associated with
the disease itself."

The Cognicares study is one of the most extensive investigations of its
kind yet carried out anywhere in the world. Six breast cancer centers located
in and around Munich participated in the project, which was made possible by a
grant from the Deutsche Krebshilfe (the German Cancer Aid). The results of the
tests undertaken after the termination of primary treatment are now being
analyzed.







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided by Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet
Muenchen (LMU). Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.    K. Hermelink, V. Voigt, J. Kaste, F.
Neufeld, R. Wuerstlein, M. Buhner, K. Munzel, D. Rjosk-Dendorfer, S. Grandl, M.
Braun, F. E. von Koch, K. Hartl, S. Hasmuller, I. Bauerfeind, G. Debus, P.
Herschbach, N. Harbeck. Elucidating Pretreatment Cognitive Impairment
in Breast Cancer Patients: The Impact of Cancer-related Post-traumatic Stress. JNCI
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2015; 107 (7): djv099 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv099

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/04/150417085226.htm

Palbociclib menunjukkan harapan pada pasien dengan hormone resisten kanker payudara --T-REC-komunitas reptil-semarang--KSE-komunitas satwa eksotik

06.45

Palbociclib

Palbociclib menunjukkan harapan  pada pasien dengan hormone resisten kanker payudara

Palbociclib , obat oral yang diteliti  bekerja dengan menghalangi molekul yang bertanggung jawab untuk pertumbuhan sel kanker , ditoleransi dengan baik dan meluaskan harapan  kelangsungan hidup ..., pasien kanker payudara stadium lanjut , termasuk orang-orang yang penyakitnya telah berhenti menanggapi pengobatan endokrin tradisional ....read more




Palbociclib
shows promise in patients with hormone-resistant breast cancer

Date:

February 20, 2015

Source:

Perelman School of
Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania

Summary:

Palbociclib, an
investigational oral medication that works by blocking molecules responsible
for cancer cell growth, is well tolerated and extends progression-free survival
in newly diagnosed, advanced breast cancer patients, including those whose
disease has stopped responding to traditional endocrine treatments.

.............................

palbociclib, an
investigational oral medication that works by blocking molecules responsible
for cancer cell growth, is well tolerated and extends progression-free survival
(PFS) in newly diagnosed, advanced breast cancer patients, including those
whose disease has stopped responding to traditional endocrine treatments.
Results of the phase II study, led by researchers in the Abramson Cancer Center
and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, were
published this month inClinical
Cancer Research. Earlier phase I results by researchers at Penn
Medicine contributed to the development of palbociclib, which was recently
approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for metastatic breast
cancer patients just beginning to undergo endocrine therapy.

"The FDA approval has expanded treatments options for many metastatic
breast cancer patients, but these new results are showing how effective the
drug can also be for breast cancer patients who have already tried endocrine
therapies and may be running out of options," said lead investigator
Angela DeMichele, MD, MSCE, associate professor in the division of
Hematology/Oncology and Epidemiology and co-leader of the Breast Cancer
Research Program at the Abramson Cancer Center. "Combined with the
promising results from other trials looking at the effectiveness of this drug,
our results indicate that palbociclib can extend the duration of disease
control and produce tumor shrinkage in patients with estrogen-receptor positive
(ER+) breast cancer, without the debilitating side effects of
chemotherapy."

The newly-published phase II trial primarily sought to evaluate disease
response and control, while monitoring for the presence of side effects such as
neutropenia, an abnormally low white blood cell count. Patients enrolled in the
trial had previously undergone several prior chemotherapy and hormonal regimens
for metastatic disease. Palboclib was administered once daily for 21 days each
month.

Overall, researchers noted a median PFS, the time before a tumor worsens or
the patient dies, of 3.7 months for patients taking the drug. However, patients
with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer -- where the breast cancer
cells depend on the hormones estrogen and progesterone to grow -- had
significantly longer PFS (5.1 months) compared to that of the HR-negative group
(84 percent and 11 percent of the enrolled population, respectively). And those
who had previously progressed through at least two rounds of hormonal therapy saw
significantly greater benefits, suggesting substantial activity in the setting
of acquired endocrine resistance.

Though some patients experienced low white blood cell counts or other side
effects, symptoms were managed with dose reductions, and improvements in tumor
shrinkage and disease control were still noted.

"The drug was extremely well-tolerated in this trial, and the absence
of symptoms commonly associated with cancer treatment, such as nausea,
diarrhea, or pain was remarkable," said senior author Peter O'Dwyer, MD, a
professor in the division of Hematology/Oncology. "Further, since dose
reduction effectively restored normal neutrophil counts, safe administration of
effective doses was easily accomplished."

Only a small number of patients enrolled in the trial had triple negative
breast cancer, all of whom rapidly progressed on treatment and had to
discontinue participation. However, ongoing studies by DeMichele and her
colleague, Amy Clark, MD, a clinical instructor in the division of Hematology/Oncology,
are demonstrating potential benefits to palbociclib in ER-negative breast
cancer when it is given in combination with paclitaxel.

"This approach takes advantage of the ability of palbociclib to
synchronize cells within the cell cycle, potentially increasing the percentage
of cells sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of traditional chemotherapy,"
Clark explains. "Moreover, palbociclib may be effective in other types of
cancer that operate by a similar mechanism. These trials are currently ongoing."

Other Penn authors on the study include Kay See Tan, Daniel Heitjan, PhD,
Kristi Gramlich, Maryann Gallagher, Priti Lal, MD, Michael Feldman, MD, Paul
Zhang, MD, Christopher Colameco, David Lewis, Melissa Langer, Noah Goodman,
Susan Domchek, MD, Keerthi Gogineni, MD, Mark Rosen, MD, and Kevin Fox, MD.

This study was funded through the Penn-Pfizer Alliance; Pfizer provided
funding for the study and palbociclib, but did not participate in data
collection, analysis, or writing of the manuscript. The authors report no
financial conflicts of interest.







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided by Perelman School of Medicine at the
University of Pennsylvania. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.    A. DeMichele, A. S. Clark, K. S. Tan, D.
F. Heitjan, K. Gramlich, M. Gallagher, P. Lal, M. Feldman, P. Zhang, C.
Colameco, D. Lewis, M. Langer, N. Goodman, S. Domchek, K. Gogineni, M. Rosen,
K. Fox, P. O'Dwyer. CDK 4/6 Inhibitor Palbociclib (PD0332991) in Rb
Advanced Breast Cancer: Phase II Activity, Safety, and Predictive Biomarker
Assessment. Clinical Cancer Research, 2014; DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-14-2258

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/02/150220133304.htm

Dua varian genetik baru yang dikaitkan dengan kanker payudara--T-REC-komunitas reptil-semarang--KSE-komunitas satwa eksotik

06.33

new genetic variants

Dua varian genetik baru  yang dikaitkan dengan kanker payudara

Sebuah studi di seluruh dunia dari DNA 100.000 wanita telah menemukan dua varian genetik baru yang terkait dengan peningkatan risiko kanker payudara . Varian genetik secara khusus terkait dengan bentuk paling umum dari kanker payudara , reseptor estrogen positif , dan memberikan wawasan penting tentang bagaimana penyakit ini berkembang ....read more




Two new genetic
variants linked to breast cancer

Date:

February 4, 2015

Source:

Institute of Cancer
Research

Summary:

A worldwide study of
the DNA of 100,000 women has discovered two new genetic variants associated
with an increased risk of breast cancer. The genetic variants are specifically
linked to the most common form of breast cancer, estrogen receptor positive,
and provide important insights into how the disease develops.

...................

A worldwide study of the
DNA of 100,000 women has discovered two new genetic variants associated with an
increased risk of breast cancer.

The genetic variants are specifically linked to the most common form of
breast cancer, oestrogen receptor positive, and provide important insights into
how the disease develops.

Scientists believe screening women for all the genetic variants so far
identified could eventually pick out those at highest risk of breast cancer and
improve strategies for preventing the disease.

The study was led by scientists at The Institute of Cancer Research,
London, and is published in Human Molecular Genetics.

It analysed the DNA of around 86,000 women of European, 12,000 of Asian and
2,000 of African ancestries, around half of whom had breast cancer.

The study's identification of two new genetic risk factors for breast
cancer provides important clues about the causes of the disease -- implicating
a gene called KLF4, which is thought to help control the way cells grow and
divide.

The research involved scientists from more than 130 institutions worldwide
-- also including the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and the
University of Cambridge. It was funded by a range of organisations including
Cancer Research UK, Breakthrough Breast Cancer and the European Union.

Researchers were looking for one-letter differences in DNA code that were
more likely to be found in women with breast cancer than those without the
disease, using a state-of-the-art genetic technique called 'fine mapping'. They
focused on a recently identified hotspot for genetic causes of breast cancer on
chromosome 9.

Women with the first genetic variant identified, called rs10816625, were 12
per cent more likely to develop breast cancer than women without, and those
with the second variant, rs13294895, at a 9 per cent increased risk.

The increases in risk were slightly higher -- 14 per cent and 11 per cent
respectively -- for oestrogen receptor positive breast cancer, but there was no
association with oestrogen receptor negative forms of the disease.

The genetic variants are thought to help control the activity of KLF4,
despite lying a long distance away from that gene.

Both were associated with increased risk in European women but only one of
them, rs10816625, in women of Asian ancestry.

Study leader Dr Nick Orr, Team Leader in Complex Trait Genetics at The
Institute of Cancer Research, London, said:

"Our study zoomed in on an area of our genome that we knew was linked
to breast cancer risk, and has identified two new genetic variants that add
significantly to our knowledge about the genetic causes of the disease.

"The variants we identified are specifically associated with the most
common, oestrogen receptor positive, form of breast cancer. The more genetic
risk factors for breast cancer we discover, of which there are currently more
than 80, the more accurately we will be able predict who is at risk of getting
the disease. Ultimately this will be vital for designing preventative
strategies against breast cancer."

Professor Paul Workman, Chief Executive of The Institute of Cancer
Research, London, said:

"Studies like this are only possible through international
collaboration between huge numbers of researchers at institutions across the
world, collating together data on enormous numbers of people.

"The two new variants uncovered by this study could be factored into
potential future screening tools for breast cancer that incorporate all known
genetic risk factors for the disease. They also provide important clues to the
genetic causes of the most common form of breast cancer and potential leads for
the discovery of new treatments."

Dr Matthew Lam, Senior Research Officer at Breakthrough Breast Cancer,
said:

"Whilst we are learning more and more each day about the
environmental, genetic and lifestyle factors that affect breast cancer risk, it
is not yet possible to predict who will get breast cancer, and for women who
have been diagnosed with the disease, we can't yet say what caused it.

"That's why Breakthrough Breast Cancer is leading the way to find the
answers to these questions through the research we fund, including the
Breakthrough Generations Study, the largest study of its kind, following more
than 113,000 women from across the UK for 40 years in a bid to find the root
causes of breast cancer. Our hope is that as the study continues to report over
time, we will eventually be able to identify high-risk women and find ways to
prevent them from developing breast cancer in the first place."

Dr Emma Smith, Senior Science Information Officer at Cancer Research UK,
said:

"Thanks to modern technology we're building an increasingly detailed
picture of the small variations in DNA that can influence a woman's risk of
breast cancer. The next challenges are understanding the biology underpinning
their effects, so we can use this information to predict individual risk more
accurately, improve screening and find better ways to treat and prevent breast
cancer."







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided by Institute of Cancer Research.Note: Materials may be edited for
content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.    N. Orr et al. Fine-mapping
identifies two additional breast cancer susceptibility loci at 9q31.2.. Human
Molecular Genetics, 2015; DOI:10.1093/hmg/ddv035

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/02/150204222254.htm

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Kanker dan chemobrain : diagnosis kanker mempengaruhi fungsi kognitif--T-REC-komunitas reptil-semarang--KSE-komunitas satwa eksotik

Palbociclib menunjukkan harapan pada pasien dengan hormone resisten kanker payudara --T-REC-komunitas reptil-semarang--KSE-komunitas satwa eksotik

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