T-REC NEWS 4 U: remaja

Reproduksi yang dibantu tidak terkait dengan prestasi akademik yang berkurang pada masa remaja--T-REC-komunitas reptil-semarang--KSE-komunitas satwa eksotik

08.52

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Reproduksi  yang dibantu tidak terkait dengan prestasi akademik yang berkurang pada masa remaja

Analisis US  Nationwide di lebih dari 8.000 anak-anak ART tidak menemukan perbedaan dalam nilai tes pendidikan

Date:

June 15, 2015

Source:

European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology

Summary:

Kinerja akademik oleh anak yang dikandung dengan  dibantu teknik reproduksi ( ART / assisted reproduction techniques  ) tidak lebih baik atau lebih buruk daripada anak-anak secara spontan dikandung ketika dinilai di kelas sembilan pendidikan sekolah mereka . Demikian pula , lajang ART dan kembar ART juga memiliki skor tes yang sebanding , menunjukkan bahwa  , para peneliti mengatakan,  ' semakin tinggi risiko obstetrik ' yang diidentifikasi pada kehamilan ART - dan khususnya pada anak kembar - ' . Tidak terkait dengan kinerja akademik yang kurang  pada masa remaja '....more




Assisted
reproduction not associated with reduced academic performance in adolescence

US Nationwide analysis of more than 8,000 ART children finds no difference
in educational test scores

Date:

June 15, 2015

Source:

European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology

Summary:

The academic performance of children conceived by assisted reproduction
techniques (ART) is no better or worse than that of spontaneously conceived
children when assessed at the ninth grade of their school education. Similarly,
ART singletons and ART twins also had comparable test scores, suggesting, say
the investigators, that 'the higher obstetric risk' identified in ART
pregnancies -- and particularly in twins -- 'is not associated with poorer
academic performance in adolescence.'

..................

The academic performance of children conceived by assisted reproduction
techniques (ART) is no better or worse than that of spontaneously conceived
children when assessed at the ninth grade of their school education.(1)
Similarly, ART singletons and ART twins also had comparable test scores,
suggesting, say the investigators, that "the higher obstetric risk"
identified in ART pregnancies -- and particularly in twins -- "is not
associated with poorer academic performance in adolescence." (2)

"These findings are very important for infertile patients," they
add.

Details of the study are reported today at the Annual Meeting of ESHRE by
Anne Lærke Spangmose Pedersen, a medical student in the fertility clinic of
Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark. She noted that so far only
few studies have explored IQ in ART children, and no previous studies have
included ninth grade test scores in a complete national cohort of
15-16-year-old adolescents all conceived by ART.

This, however, was a substantial national study involving every child
conceived by ART and born in Denmark between 1995 and 2000, a total of 8251
children born as 4991 singletons and 3260 twins. These children were then
compared to two control populations of children -- the first comprising all
twins born in Denmark during the same period (a total of 10,833) and a randomly
selected group of spontaneously conceived singletons (total 10.052).

The study effectively compared the academic performance of all four groups
according to results of a general test of academic performance which all ninth
grade students in Denmark (at age 15-16 years) complete. The test grades
academic performance from -3 to +12, with average scores of 7. The system of
national records and registries in Denmark with demographic and epidemiological
data make such studies possible.

Initial results did show some discrepancies between the groups, but
following statistical adjustments maternal age, birth weight, gestational age
and social status, the differences disappeared. For example, ART singletons
achieved a higher mean test score than spontaneously conceived singletons (7.71
and 6.75 respectively, p<0,001), but this difference did not persist after
the statistical adjustments.

"We were pleased to see the results," said Ms Pedersen. "The
higher rate of twins and preterm birth in ART singletons might have given rise
to lower academic test scores. But our results now confirm smaller studies
which have shown no difference in IQ between ART and non-ART children. All our
four study groups had test scores very close to the average, which is
reassuring -- and shows the high validity of the study."

With so many children in some countries now conceived by assisted
reproduction (as many as 5% in Denmark), Ms Pedersen described the results as
"reassuring" for both parents and IVF clinics. Any possible effect of
prematurity in ART children, she said, seems to be removed over time.

She added that these results from a national cohort study are likely to be
similar in other populations, although Denmark itself had a lower twin rate
than many other countries between 1995 and 2000. And multiple pregnancies, she
explained, remain a safety concern in ART.

"ART is still associated with a slightly increased risk of congenital
malformations and prematurity," said Ms Pedersen, "and we should
continue to survey our ART children, as new developments in technique -- such
as vitrification and blastocyst culture -- are always being introduced. Any
effect of these methods has not yet been ruled out. So it is of great
importance that we accept the responsibility to find out."

In the meantime, however, Ms Pedersen said the results of this study in
terms of academic development were sufficiently strong to have important public
health implications, and "might finally persuade politicians and society
as a whole that there is no reason for caution in future ART generations. Thus,
we can continue to perform ART as a safe and sound method from the long-term
child perspective."

Notes

1. Ninth grade usually refers to the ninth year of education after
kindergarten, with students usually aged around 15 years. Some educators stress
the pivotal importance of this year in shaping future directions.

2. Several studies have suggested that obstetric outcomes in pregnancies
after ART are worse than those seen after spontaneous conception, a trend
usually attributed to the higher proportion of multiple pregnancies in ART (and
as a result prematurity and low birthweight). However, there have been studies
(though generally with conflicting results) showing an increased risk of
preterm delivery and low birthweight even in singleton pregnancies conceived by
ART.







Story Source:

The above post is reprinted from materials provided byEuropean
Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. Note:
Materials may be edited for content and length.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/06/150615094437.htm

Otak remaja obesitas ' biasanya rentan terhadap iklan makanan --T-REC-komunitas reptil-semarang--KSE-komunitas satwa eksotik

11.05

remaja

Otak remaja obesitas ' biasanya  rentan terhadap iklan makanan

Date:

May 21, 2015

Source:

Dartmouth College

Summary:

Iklan makanan TV proporsional merangsang otak remaja  yang kelebihan berat badan , termasuk daerah yang mengontrol kesenangan , rasa dan - yang paling mengejutkan - mulut , menunjukkan mereka secara mental mensimulasikan kebiasaan makan yang tidak sehat yang membuat sulit untuk menurunkan berat badan di kemudian hari .....read more




Obese teens' brains unusually
susceptible to food commercials, study finds

Date:

May 21, 2015

Source:

Dartmouth College

Summary:

TV food commercials disproportionately stimulate the brains of overweight
teenagers, including the regions that control pleasure, taste and -- most
surprisingly -- the mouth, suggesting they mentally simulate unhealthy eating
habits that make it difficult to lose weight later in life.

......................

A Dartmouth study finds that TV food commercials disproportionately
stimulate the brains of overweight teen-agers, including the regions that
control pleasure, taste and -- most surprisingly -- the mouth, suggesting they
mentally simulate unhealthy eating habits.

The findings suggest such habits may make it difficult to lose weight later
in life, and that dieting efforts should not only target the initial desire to
eat tempting food, but the subsequent thinking about actually tasting and
eating it -- in other words, you should picture yourself munching a salad
rather than a cheeseburger.

The study appears in the journal Cerebral Cortex. The study
included researchers from Dartmouth College's Department of Psychological and
Brain Sciences and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center at the Dartmouth-Hitchcock
Medical Center and Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth.

The prevalence of food advertising and adolescent obesity has increased
dramatically over the past 30 years, and research has linked the number of
television shows viewed during childhood with greater risk for obesity. In
particular, considerable evidence suggests that exposure to food marketing
promotes eating habits that contribute to obesity.

Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the Dartmouth researchers
examined brain responses to two dozen fast food commercials and non-food
commercials in overweight and healthy-weight adolescents ages 12-16. The
commercials were embedded within an age-appropriate show, "The Big Bang
Theory," so the participants were unaware of the study's purpose.

The results show that in all the adolescents, the brain regions involved in
attention and focus (occipital lobe, precuneus, superior temporal gyri and
right insula) and in processing rewards (nucleus accumbens and orbitofrontal
cortex) were more strongly active while viewing food commercials than non-food
commercials. Also, adolescents with higher body fat showed greater
reward-related activity than healthy weight teens in the orbitofrontal cortex
and in regions associated with taste perception. The most surprising finding
was that the food commercials also activated the overweight adolescents' brain
region that controls their mouths. This region is part of the larger sensory
system that is important for observational learning.

"This finding suggests the intriguing possibility that overweight
adolescents mentally simulate eating while watching food commercials,"
says lead author Kristina Rapuano, a graduate student in Dartmouth's Brain
Imaging Lab. "These brain responses may demonstrate one factor whereby
unhealthy eating behaviors become reinforced and turned into habits that
potentially hamper a person's ability lose weight later in life."

Although previous studies have shown heightened brain reward responses to
viewing appetizing food in general, the Dartmouth study is one of the first to
extend this relationship to real world food cues -- for example, TV commercials
for McDonald's and Burger King -- that adolescents encounter regularly. The
brain's reward circuitry involves the release of dopamine and other
neurotransmitter chemicals that give pleasure and may lead to addictive
behavior.

Children and adolescents see an average of 13 food commercials per day, so
it isn't surprising they show a strong reward response to food commercials. But
the new findings that these heightened reward responses are coupled with bodily
movements that indicate simulated eating offer a clue into a potential
mechanism on how unhealthy eating habits are developed.

"Unhealthy eating is thought to involve both an initial desire to eat
a tempting food, such as a piece of cake, and a motor plan to enact the
behavior, or eating it," Rapuano says. "Diet intervention strategies
largely focus on minimizing or inhibiting the desire to eat the tempting food,
with the logic being that if one does not desire, then one won't enact. Our
findings suggest a second point of intervention may be the somatomotor
simulation of eating behavior that follows from the desire to eat.
Interventions that target this system, either to minimize the simulation of
unhealthy eating or to promote the simulation of healthy eating, may ultimately
prove to be more useful than trying to suppress the desire to eat."







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided
by Dartmouth College. Note: Materials may be edited
for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.   
K. M. Rapuano, J. F. Huckins, J. D. Sargent, T. F. Heatherton, W. M.
Kelley. Individual Differences in Reward and Somatosensory-Motor Brain
Regions Correlate with Adiposity in Adolescents. Cerebral Cortex,
2015; DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv097

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/05/150521144100.htm

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Reproduksi yang dibantu tidak terkait dengan prestasi akademik yang berkurang pada masa remaja--T-REC-komunitas reptil-semarang--KSE-komunitas satwa eksotik

Otak remaja obesitas ' biasanya rentan terhadap iklan makanan --T-REC-komunitas reptil-semarang--KSE-komunitas satwa eksotik

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