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High Profil ular derik , menyebabkan tragedy--T-REC-komunitas reptil-semarang--KSE-komunitas satwa eksotik

02.18

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High  Profil ular derik , menyebabkan  tragedy

Date:

July 13, 1999

Source:

University Of Arkansas

Summary:

Semua di seluruh Amerika , hari-hari terik dari pertengahan Juli-Agustus menandai kemungkinan besar bagi orang-orang  untuk menemukan ular derik , kata  ahli ular Universitas Arkansas Steve Beaupre . Sayangnya , pertemuan tersebut sering berakhir dengan tragedi - untuk ular tersebut .....read more




High-Profile Rattlesnakes Get Bad Rap

Date:

July 13, 1999

Source:

University Of Arkansas

Summary:

All across America, the sweltering days from mid-July to August mark the
most likely times for people to encounter rattlesnakes, says University of
Arkansas rattlesnake expert Steve Beaupre. Unfortunately, such encounters often
end in tragedy — for the rattlesnake.

.......................

FAYETTEVILLE, Ark. — All across America, the sweltering days from mid-July
to August mark the most likely times for people to encounter rattlesnakes, says
University of Arkansas rattlesnake expert Steve Beaupre. Unfortunately, such
encounters often end in tragedy — for the rattlesnake.

"Nine times out of ten, when a person encounters a snake, he or she is
going to kill it," said Beaupre.

When Beaupre sees a rattler, however, he traps it, anesthetizes it and
inserts a fingernail-sized radio transmitter into its body under the skin. Then
he releases the snake back into the wild, and spends the summer tracking its
movement and studying its physiology and behavior at sites in Arkansas, Texas
and Arizona.

Rattlesnakes normally blend into the forest floor, using the leaf cover as
camouflage. They can remain immobile in the same spot for days, waiting for
prey, Beaupre said.

Most people who spend time in the woods have probably stepped right over
rattlesnakes without realizing it, he said. Rattlesnakes tend to hunker down
and avoid human contact.

"The only time you might get into trouble is when you step on
one," he said.

But by mid-July, male rattlesnakes are on the move, looking for mates.

"They have a very high profile when they do that," Beaupre said.
They will cross roads and may travel for miles in hopes of finding a female.

As a result of their amorous preoccupation, many rattlesnakes end up
flattened on highways. And others get shot or hacked to death by people who
fear their bites.

Nationwide about 7,000 people get treated for snake bites each year, and
about 5-10 people die annually from poisonous snake bites. To put these numbers
in perspective, more people die from lightning strikes or bee stings, Beaupre
said. Most, if not all, of the snake-related deaths can be prevented by proper
medical care, he said.

The real danger stems from people’s fear of the animals – and the potential
for eliminating yet another species. The timber rattlesnakes Beaupre studies in
the Ozarks have become extinct in other parts of their range and are protected
by law in almost half the states they can be found in.

Rattlesnakes keep the squirrel, mouse and rat populations in check, each
animal eating up to dozens per year. If the snakes disappear, a delicate
balance will be forever lost.

"Our survival depends upon the biodiversity we live in," Beaupre
said. "That diversity includes more than just the animals that are cuddly
and fuzzy."

People overestimate the chances of snakebite, Beaupre said. He should know.
Every time he walks into his laboratory, the walls echo with the warning rattle
sounds most people fear. But Beaupre and his graduate students, who handle the
animals regularly, have never even been nibbled upon.

Beaupre follows a few simple rules to avoid snake bites: Always look where
you put your hands and feet. Never put your hands and feet where you can’t see.
And never pick up a snake unless you are sure it’s not venomous.

Beaupre follows the rattlesnakes in their forest treks, studying what they
eat, when they mate, how far they range and how fast they grow in relationship
to temperature and moisture. This year’s cool, rainy Ozark spring, for
instance, rendered the 25 radio tagged animals sluggish, he said.

"If we understand how individuals are affected by environmental
change, then we can predict what might happen in the future and assess the
potential environmental impact of certain changes," Beaupre said.

The male rattlesnakes who travel far and find females this summer will
mate. The female will store the sperm until the spring, when she will try to
eat enough to generate fat and produce follicles that she can then fertilize
with the sperm.

If the rattlesnake doesn’t have enough fat, she can reabsorb the follicles
and not become pregnant — a handy biological mechanism for an animal whose food
supply varies greatly from year to year, Beaupre said. She can store the sperm
for another year, to use when she has reached a critical mass.

If she does catch enough prey, the sperm will fertilize the follicles, and
the female will find a spot to stay warm, where she may not eat again until the
babies are born in mid-August to mid-September. Some snakes lay eggs, but
rattlesnakes give birth to live young, Beaupre said.

"We’re just beginning to scratch the surface of what we can learn
about these fascinating animals," he said.







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided by University
Of Arkansas. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1999/07/990713073638.htm

Ular derik kayu secara tidak langsung bermanfaat bagi kesehatan manusia : predator yang membantu memeriksa penyakit Lyme--T-RECkomunitas reptil-semarang--KSE-komunitas satwa eksotik

02.14

ular derik

Ular derik kayu secara tidak langsung bermanfaat bagi kesehatan manusia : predator yang membantu memeriksa penyakit Lyme

Date:

August 6, 2013

Source:

University of Maryland

Summary:

Ahli biologi menemukan ular derik kayu , yang memangsa tikus dan mamalia kecil lainnya , membantu memeriksa eksposur manusia ' untuk penyakit tick-borne lyme.....read more

Timber rattlesnakes indirectly benefit
human health: Not-so-horrid top predator helps check Lyme disease

Date:

August 6, 2013

Source:

University of Maryland

Summary:

Biologists found timber rattlesnakes, which prey on mice and other small
mammals, help check humans' exposure to the tick-borne Lyme disease.

.............................

The scientific name of the timber rattlesnake, Crotalus horridus, is a sign of the fear and loathing
this native North American viper has inspired. But research by a team of
University of Maryland biologists shows the timber rattlesnake indirectly
benefits humankind by keeping Lyme disease in check.

The team's findings, to be presented today in a talk at the annual
conference of the Ecological Society of America, highlight the potential
benefits of conserving all species -- even those some people dislike.

Human cases of Lyme disease, a bacterial illness that can cause serious
neurological problems if left untreated, are on the rise. The disease is spread
by black-legged ticks, which feed on infected mice and other small mammals.
Foxes and other mammal predators help control the disease by keeping small
mammal populations in check. The decline of these mammal predators may be a
factor in Lyme disease's prevalence among humans.

Timber rattlers are also top predators in Eastern forests, and their
numbers are also falling, so former University of Maryland graduate student
Edward Kabay wanted to know whether the rattlers also play a role in
controlling Lyme disease.

Kabay used published studies of timber rattlers' diets at four Eastern
forest sites to estimate the number of small mammals the snakes consume, and
matched that with information on the average number of ticks each small mammal
carried. The results showed that each timber rattler removed 2,500-4,500 ticks
from each site annually.

Because not every human bitten by an infected tick develops Lyme disease,
the team did not estimate how many people are spared the disease because of the
ecosystem service that timber rattlesnakes provide. But Kabay, who is now a
science teacher at East Chapel Hill High School, and his research colleagues
will talk about the human health implications of their work on Aug. 6.

Timber rattlesnakes are listed as endangered in six states and threatened in
five more under the Endangered Species Act.

"Habitat loss, road kills, and people killing them out of fear are the
big issues," said University of Maryland Associate Biology Prof. Karen
Lips. "They are non-aggressive and rarely bite unless provoked or stepped
upon."

Lips, who directs UMD's graduate program in sustainable development and
conservation biology, will answer reporters' questions in the ESA press room
after the session ends.

Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided
by University of Maryland. Note:
Materials may be edited for content and length.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/08/130806091815.htm

Ular derik Diamondback Timur ,quest for fire--T-REC-komunitas reptil-semarang--KSE-komunitas satwa eksotik

01.57

ular derik

Ular derik Diamondback  Timur ,quest for fire

Date:

May 21, 2015

Source:

University of South Carolina

Summary:

 ular Diamondback timur telah kehilangan 97 persen dari habitatnya sejak menjadi ikon Amerika pada Revolusi era ' don’t tread on me ' flag . Penelitian baru menunjukkan sifat kritis dari satu elemen dari berbagai habitat Diamondback itu , savana pinus . Untuk konservasionis mencari habitat pengganti untuk berkurangnya  populasi spesies sekarang , dengan menggarisbawahi perlunya pengelolaan kebakaran yang ditentukan untuk menjaga hutan  kanopi terbuka dan ekosistemnya .....read more




Eastern diamondback rattlesnakes' quest
for fire

Date:

May 21, 2015

Source:

University of South Carolina

Summary:

The eastern diamondback rattlesnake has lost 97 percent of its habitat
since becoming an American icon on the Revolutionary-era 'Don't Tread on Me'
flag. New research demonstrates the critical nature of one element of the
diamondback's home range, pine savanna. For conservationists seeking surrogate
habitats for the now-rare species' dwindling population, the results underscore
the need for prescribed fire management to maintain the open-canopy forest and
its ecosystem.

..........................

Two words that arouse immediate fear in some people inspire something else
altogether in Jennifer Fill.

"I love snakes and fire," Fill says. "When I was looking at
grad schools, I thought, 'if I can just combine those two things, I bet I'll be
really happy.'"

It's not about cozy campfires or garden-variety garters for Fill, a
biologist who recently defended her dissertation at the University of South Carolina.
The fires she's interested in are forest fires, and the snake that was the
subject of her doctoral studies is Crotalus adamanteus, commonly
called the eastern diamondback rattlesnake.

Once widespread throughout the southeastern U.S., eastern diamondback
rattlesnakes have become extremely rare due to loss of their habitat. An
eastern diamondback hasn't been spotted in the wild in Louisiana in twenty
years, it's become a state-protected rarity in North Carolina, and
conservationists applied in 2011 to have it listed federally as an endangered
species.

One key element of the diamondback's natural habitat is Fill's second
research love: fire. Diamondbacks have long been associated with open-canopy
forests, or savannas, in the southeastern U.S. These habitats experience
frequents fires, which turn out to be no problem for at least one important
tree, the longleaf pine, Pinus palustris. Fill says its combination
of growth patterns and structure make the longleaf pine one of the most
fire-resistant trees around.

"For its first six to twelve years, it stays a little seedling at
ground level," she says. "It develops a deep taproot, and if a fire
comes through, the needles burn in a way that protects the growing tip of the
plant."

After those early years of looking more like grass or a tiny bush at ground
level, the longleaf pine has a burst of growth, a "bolting" stage
that manifests a tall tree with a firm root. In the southeastern coastal plain,
the tree creates a natural habitat of well-spaced pines with a dense
groundcover of grass and low-lying shrubs -- fuel for the frequent and
necessary fires in the savannas.

A savanna ecosystem supports the kinds of medium-sized mammals that eastern
diamondbacks subsist on, such as rabbits, fox squirrels and raccoons. Fill
recently published a paper in PLOS ONE showing just how
critical that open-canopy environment is to the diamondback. Using telemetry to
follow the weekly-to-daily movements of a group of snakes in Colleton County,
on the southeastern coastal plain of South Carolina, she and her colleagues
demonstrated that pine savanna was an integral part of the animal's natural
habitat.

Conservation-minded scientists are interested in identifying surrogate
habitats that might support the dwindling population of eastern diamondbacks.
The recent paper addressed marshes as a potential candidate, but one
particularly noteworthy observation in the research is that every eastern
diamondback they studied had pine savanna as a part of its home range.

Open-canopy longleaf pine forests have been drastically reduced in acreage
over the years for a number reasons, one of which can be ascribed to a common
conservation practice promoted by another animal used as an emblem -- Smokey
the Bear.

Forest fire prevention has had a side effect of converting many savannas
into dense forests by removing the selection pressure of natural, periodic
wildfires or managed fires from the equation, Fill says. The longleaf pine is
out-competed by other tree species, the open canopy is closed and the ecosystem
changes accordingly.

Many property owners, however, actively manage their land with prescribed
burns. Quail habitats, for example, are best maintained with periodic fires,
and acreage managed in that way (Fill worked on such a property for her recent
paper) supports the diamondback populations as well.

Fill, who is interested in applying academic research to practical
conservation efforts, appreciates the disposition of the rattlesnakes -- and
snakes in general after working with them for years. She had to periodically
capture diamondbacks to replace or fit a new radio transmitter for tracking,
and handling them over the years reinforced the textbook conclusion that snakes
are innately shy, even ones that might have a fearsome reputation.

"The very last thing that they want is for you to even see them, much
less rattle or bite," she says. "Once I was tracking a snake and I
knew she was really close by, and it took me forever to even see her, and she
was right next to me. She didn't even rattle when I was picking her up with the
hook and putting her in a bag.

"These snakes are not aggressive animals and actually have distinct
personalities. It's been a privilege to see how they live in these fiery
places."







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided
by University of South Carolina. The original article
was written by Steven Powell. Note: Materials may be edited for content
and length.







Journal Reference:

1.   
Jennifer M. Fill, Jayme L. Waldron, Shane M. Welch, J. Whitfield Gibbons,
Stephen H. Bennett, Timothy A. Mousseau. Using Multiscale Spatial
Models to Assess Potential Surrogate Habitat for an Imperiled Reptile.PLOS
ONE, 2015; 10 (4): e0123307 DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0123307

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/05/150521104930.htm

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High Profil ular derik , menyebabkan tragedy--T-REC-komunitas reptil-semarang--KSE-komunitas satwa eksotik

Ular derik kayu secara tidak langsung bermanfaat bagi kesehatan manusia : predator yang membantu memeriksa penyakit Lyme--T-RECkomunitas reptil-semarang--KSE-komunitas satwa eksotik

Ular derik Diamondback Timur ,quest for fire--T-REC-komunitas reptil-semarang--KSE-komunitas satwa eksotik

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