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Kuburan Viking dan kapal tenggelam : metode fotogrametri baru  mengubah situs arkeologi

Date

May 22, 2015

Source:

The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)

Summary:

Pemetaan penggalian arkeologi membutuhkan banyak waktu dan banyak mengukur , memotret , menggambar dan pencatatan . Sekarang , sebagian besar pekerjaan ini dapat dilakukan dengan teknik yang disebut fotogrametri . Fotogrametri adalah metode yang menggunakan gambar dua dimensi dari arkeologi untuk membangun model 3D .....read more

The Viking's grave and the sunken ship:
New photogrammetry method transforms archaeological sites

Date

May 22, 2015

Source:

The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)

Summary:

Mapping archaeological digs takes plenty of time and a lot of measuring,
photographing, drawing and note taking. Now, most of this work can be done with
a technique called photogrammetry. Photogrammetry is a method that uses
two-dimensional images of an archaeological find to construct a 3D model.

...........................

Mapping archaeological digs takes plenty of time and a lot of measuring,
photographing, drawing and note taking. Now, most of this work can be done with
a technique called photogrammetry.

Photogrammetry is a method that uses two-dimensional images of an
archaeological find to construct a 3D model.

You don't need and special glasses or advanced equipment to use make use of
this new technique. Together with precise measurements of the excavation,
photogrammetry can create a complete detailed map of an archaeological
excavation site.

"This is still a very new technique," say archaeologists Raymond
Sauvage and Fredrik Skoglund of the Norwegian University of Science and
Technology's University Museum.

Photogrammetry is in many ways much more precise than older, more
time-consuming methods.

Viking graves

This method is already being put to use by archaeologists. When a possible
Viking grave was found in Skaun in Sør-Trøndelag in 2014, the excavation site
was mapped using photogrammetry.

The manner in which artefacts are found, how deeply the are buried and
where they are placed in relation to each other can provide a lot of
information to archaeologists studying a site.

Photogrammetry also makes it easier for archaeologists to share their
findings with others. The 3D models that are produced can be saved as normal
PDF files, which can be sent to colleagues for input.

Saving time

The two archaeologists are very enthusiastic. A Russian company has
developed the program that they're using at the museum. The program is easy to
use and gives good results. The development and use of the technique has
exploded in recent years.

"There's a lot more interest in photogrammetry now. The new program is
readily available and inexpensive," says Sauvage.

He explains that it provides the kind of quality and detail that you could
only dream of a few years ago. Even though the method requires some work, it
still saves a lot of time. "In one day, you can get three million
measurement points. Before, we were satisfied with 3000," he says.

And those 3000 points could take a long time to find. This method can save
archaeologists weeks of work with tape measures, sketching paper and cameras.
The practical work in the field goes much quicker.

"This frees up a lot more time for things like research,"
Skoglund says.

Old finds

Similar results have been achieved in the past using laser equipment and
early versions of a photogrammetry program. But this has been very expensive,
and takes a lot of time and resources.

The new program only costs a few hundred euros, meaning that it is much
more widely available.

With a photogrammetry program, three or four pictures from different angles
are enough to make a simple 3D model, although more images will provide a
higher quality model. You can use any normal camera.

"The more images, the better the quality," Sauvage says.

It is also possible to use images of old finds to build a 3D model based on
them. For example, you could make a model using photos from previous
excavations of Viking graves, and use this to explore how an excavation site
changes over time.

Shipwreck

Marine archaeologist Skoglund has tried this with the Dutch ship "De
Grawe Adler" (the Grey Eagle), which sank in 1696 by Strømsholmen in
Hustadvika, on the coast of central Norway and was discovered in 1982 when
dredging for sand destroyed parts of the ship.

"I swam along the whole length of the wreck a few years ago and took
pictures," Skoglund says.

He did so with out ever considering the possibility of making a 3D model of
the wreck. The fact that the photos were taken underwater makes it slightly
harder to put them together, but it is by no means impossible.

If the results are precise enough, they can be used to monitor the
decomposition of the ship. Finds under water tend to be particularly fragile,
but decomposition can be difficult to see. You can't just dive down every few
years to make sure that everything is OK. With this new method, the
decomposition can be measured much more precisely, and appropriate protection
measures can be put in place.

The future

The next step is likely to be able to put on a pair of 3D-glasses and
virtually walk into an excavation site, although that may be a few years in
coming.

There is one challenge, however -- storing measurements digitally in a manner
that will be useful for generations to come. Archaeologists working today are
behind measurements and notes on excavations that may be used hundreds of years
in the future. A paper photo taken 100 years ago is just as good now as it was
then, as long as you have it on hand. But nobody knows if a PDF file will be of
use in year 2115. But this is a challenge facing all information that is stored
digitally. And it's something that we can't overcome.







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided
by The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). The original article
was written by Steinar Brandslet. Note: Materials may be edited for
content and length.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/05/150522131531.htm

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