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Pemotongan
saraf dapat mengecilkan kanker perut : suntikan Botox memperlambat
pertumbuhan tumor lambung pada tikus
Saraf
mungkin memainkan peran penting dalam pertumbuhan kanker perut dan saraf yang
memblokir sinyal menggunakan operasi atau Botox ® (onabotulinumtoxinA) bisa
menjadi pengobatan yang efektif ........... Kanker perut adalah jenis kanker ke empat terdepan dan penyumbang tertinggi kedua kematian kanker
di seluruh dunia, dengan tingkat kelangsungan hidup 5 tahun kurang dari 25
persen.............
Severing nerves may shrink stomach cancers: Botox injections slow growth
of stomach tumors in mice
Date:
August 20,
2014
Source:
Columbia University Medical Center
Summary:
Nerves may play a critical role in
stomach cancer growth and that blocking nerve signals using surgery or Botox®
(onabotulinumtoxinA) could be an effective treatment for the disease. Stomach
cancer is the fourth-leading type of cancer and the second-highest contributor
to cancer mortality worldwide, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 25
percent.
.........................
Research from Columbia University Medical Center shows that
nerves may play a critical role in stomach cancer growth and that blocking
nerve signals using surgery or Botox® (onabotulinumtoxinA) could be an effective
treatment for the disease. The study was conducted by the laboratory of Timothy
C. Wang, MD, in collaboration with Duan Chen, MD, PhD, in Norway and is
published in today's issue of Science Translational
Medicine.
"Scientists
have long observed that human and mouse cancers contain a lot of nerves in and
around the tumor cells," said Dr. Wang, the Dorothy L. and Daniel H.
Silberberg Professor of Medicine at Columbia's Herbert Irving Comprehensive
Cancer Center. "We wanted to understand more about the role of nerves in
the initiation and growth of cancer, by focusing on stomach cancer."
Stomach
cancer is the fourth-leading type of cancer and the second-highest contributor
to cancer mortality worldwide, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 25
percent.
Using three
different mouse models of stomach cancer, Dr. Wang's team found that when they
performed a procedure called a vagotomy to cut the nerves, the surgery
significantly slowed tumor growth and increased survival rates. Removing nerve
connections from only one side of the stomach allowed cancer to continue
growing on the other side (with the intact nerves), providing further evidence
of the importance of nerves in tumor growth.
Dr. Wang's
team then tried to block transmission of nerve signals pharmacologically. They
found that when they injected Botox® into mice, the drug proved to be as
effective as surgery at reducing stomach cancer growth. "We found that
blocking the nerve signals makes the cancer cells more vulnerable -- it removes
one of the key factors that regulate their growth," said Dr. Wang.
Botox®
prevents nerve cells from releasing a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine. In
the case of cosmetic treatment, for example, blocking acetylcholine helps to
lessen facial wrinkles by causing temporary paralysis of the muscles. Because
acetylcholine also ordinarily stimulates cell division, using Botox® to prevent
acetylcholine release might help slow the growth of cancer.
Dr. Wang's
team also found evidence of the effectiveness of targeting nerves for cancer
treatment in human patients when they compared 37 patients who had a recurrence
of stomach cancer many years after surgery. Of the 13 patients who had had a
vagotomy as part of their procedure, in all but one case, tumors did not
develop in regions where the nerve connections had been severed. By contrast,
tumors were found in the same region of the stomach in all 24 patients who had
not had a vagotomy.
Next, Dr.
Wang's team plans to investigate the effectiveness of nerve-targeted therapy
used in combination with other cancer treatments. Initial experiments have
shown that blocking nerves makes cancer cells more vulnerable to chemical
agents. Botox® used in combination with chemotherapy in mice increases survival
rates up to 35 percent, compared with chemotherapy alone.
A limitation
of the current studies is that they focus primarily on early stages of stomach
cancer. "In the future, we'd really like to look at how we can use this
method of targeting nerves to stop the growth of more advanced tumors,"
Dr. Wang said. His laboratory hopes to develop drugs that block
neurotransmitter receptors. This approach would be more effective than surgery
or Botox® on more invasive forms on cancer, as such drugs would be able reach
cells that have broken away from the main tumor.
Story
Source:
The above
story is based on materials provided by Columbia University Medical Center. Note: Materials may be edited
for content and length.
Journal
Reference:
- C.-M. Zhao, Y. Hayakawa, Y. Kodama, S. Muthupalani, C. B. Westphalen, G. T. Andersen, A. Flatberg, H. Johannessen, R. A. Friedman, B. W. Renz, A. K. Sandvik, V. Beisvag, H. Tomita, A. Hara, M. Quante, Z. Li, M. D. Gershon, K. Kaneko, J. G. Fox, T. C. Wang, D. Chen. Denervation suppresses gastric tumorigenesis. Science Translational Medicine, 2014; 6 (250): 250ra115 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3009569
