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karakter kartun anak-anak dua kali lebih mungkin berbahaya sebagai
counterparts dalam film untuk orang
dewasa: Konten setara dengan 'kengerian merajalela' dari film-film populer
Karakter
kartun utama dua kali lebih mungkin untuk membunuh seperti rekan-rekan mereka
di film untuk orang dewasa yang dirilis pada tahun yang sama, mengungkapkan
penelitian baru. Pada layar kematian dan kekerasan dapat sangat traumatis bagi
anak-anak, dan dampaknya bisa intens dan lama......
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Kids' cartoon characters twice as likely to die as counterparts in films
for adults: Content on a par with 'rampant horrors' of popular films
Date:
December 16, 2014
Source:
BMJ-British Medical Journal
Summary:
Principal cartoon characters are more than twice as likely to be killed off
as their counterparts in films for adults released in the same year, reveals
new research. On-screen death and violence can be particularly traumatic for
young children, and the impact can be intense and long lasting.
............................
The findings
prompt the authors to describe children's cartoons as "rife with death and
destruction," with content akin to the "rampant horrors" of
popular films for adults given restrictive age ratings.
"Rather than being innocuous and gentler alternatives to typical
horror or drama films, children's animated films are, in fact, hotbeds of
murder and mayhem" say the study leaders Dr Ian Colman and Dr James
Kirkbride.
On-screen death and violence can be particularly traumatic for young
children, and the impact can be intense and long lasting. Because of this many
parents will not let their children see the "endemic gore and
carnage" typical of films aimed at adult audiences, say the Canadian and
UK researchers.
In a bid to assess the amount of violence young children might be exposed
to, they analysed the length of time it takes for key characters to die in the
45 top-grossing children's cartoons, released between 1937 (Snow White) and
2013 (Frozen), and rated either as suitable for a general audience (G) or with
parental guidance suggested (PG).
They also looked at whether the first on-screen death was a murder or
involved a main character's parent.
The study found that two thirds of the cartoons depicted the death of an
important character compared with half of the adult films.
After taking account of total run-time and years since release, children's
main cartoon characters were 2.5 times as likely to die as their counterparts
in films for adults, and almost three times as likely to be murdered.
Parents of main characters were more than five times as likely to die in
children's cartoons as they were in films targeted at adults.
Furthermore, the data suggest that parents, nemeses, and children were more
often the first casualties in cartoons whereas the main protagonist was the
most likely to be killed off in films for adults.
Only cartoons in which the main characters were either human or animal were
included in the analysis, as it's not clear if the concept of death among 'humanised'
objects, such as cars and toys, exists.
Violent content was compared with that from the two top-grossing films for
adults released in the same year as each of the cartoons, excluding those
tagged as 'action' or 'adventure,' because these are often marketed to
children.
Film genres included 'horror' such as The Exorcism of Emily Rose and What
Lies Beneath, and thrillers, such as Pulp Fiction, The Departed, and Black
Swan.
Grisly deaths in cartoons were common: shootings in Bambi, Peter Pan, and
Pocahontas; stabbings in Sleeping Beauty and The Little Mermaid; and animal
attacks in A Bug's Life, The Croods, How to Train Your Dragon, Finding Nemo,
and Tarzan.
Notable early screen deaths included Nemo's mother being eaten by a
barracuda 4 minutes 3 seconds into Finding Nemo; Tarzan's parents being killed
by a leopard 4 minutes 8 seconds into Tarzan;and Cecil Gaines' father being
shot in front of him 6 minutes into The Butler.
The film genre and years since the film's release had no bearing on the
results. Indeed, the researchers say that there is no evidence to suggest that
the level of violence has changed in children's films since Snow White in 1937,
when Snow White's stepmother, the evil queen, was struck by lightning, forced
off a cliff, and crushed by a boulder while being chased by seven vengeful
dwarves.
Story Source:
The above story is based on materials provided by BMJ-British
Medical Journal.Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Journal Reference:
1. I. Colman, M. Kingsbury, M. Weeks, A.
Ataullahjan, M.-A. Belair, J. Dykxhoorn, K. Hynes, A. Loro, M. S. Martin, K.
Naicker, N. Pollock, C. Rusu, J. B. Kirkbride.CARTOONS KILL: casualties in
animated recreational theater in an objective observational new study of kids'
introduction to loss of life. BMJ, 2014; 349 (dec16 8): g7184
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.g7184
