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Lemur buah memiliki skor lebih tinggi pada tes memori
spasial
Tes menemukan Makanan pada lima
spesies lemur menunjukkan pemakan buah mungkin memiliki memori spasial yang lebih
baik daripada lemur dengan makanan yang lebih bervariasi. Hasil mendukung
gagasan bahwa yang mengandalkan makanan musiman memberikan keunggulan kompetitif bagi individu
dengan kemampuan kognitif tertentu - seperti mengingat di mana barang yang........read
more
.........................
Fruit-loving
lemurs score higher on spatial memory tests
Date:
February 21, 2014
Source:
Duke University
Summary:
Food-finding tests in
five lemur species show fruit-eaters may have better spatial memory than lemurs
with a more varied diet. The results support the idea that relying on foods
that are seasonally available and far-flung gives a competitive edge to
individuals with certain cognitive abilities -- such as remembering where the
goodies are.
.......................
food-finding tests in
five lemur species show that fruit-eaters may have better spatial memory than
lemurs with a more varied diet.
The results support the idea that relying on foods that are seasonally
available and far-flung gives a competitive edge to individuals with certain
cognitive abilities -- such as remembering where the goodies are.
In a study appearing in the journal Animal Cognition,
researchers Alexandra Rosati at Yale University and Kerri Rodriguez and Brian
Hare of Duke compared spatial memory skills across five species of lemurs
living in captivity at the Duke Lemur Center -- fruit-eating red-ruffed and
black-and-white ruffed lemurs, leaf-eating Coquerel's sifakas, and ring-tailed
and mongoose lemurs that eat a mix of fruit, leaves, seeds, flowers, nectar and
insects.
A total of 64 animals took part in the studies, which measured their
ability to remember the locations of food treats in mazes and boxes. The
results are consistent with these species' foraging behavior in the wild, the
researchers say, with fruit-eaters doing well and omnivores lagging behind.
In the first experiment, the lemurs learned the location of food hidden in
one of two arms of a T-shaped maze. A week later, the fruit-eating ruffed
lemurs were the only species able to retain and recall the right spot.
A second experiment tested whether the lemurs were recalling the exact spot
or just remembering the turns they took along the way. First the lemurs learned
how to find a piece of food hidden in one wing of a symmetrical cross-shaped
maze. Ten minutes later, the lemurs were moved to a new starting position in
the maze and released to find their way again.
The ruffed lemurs were most likely to set off again to the right spot in
the cross-maze, even though they had to take new turns to get there.
"Before they might have turned right, but now they had to turn left to get
to the same spot," Rosati said.
The results suggest that ruffed lemurs primarily rely on a memory of the
place, rather than a memory of what turns they took. The other species showed a
mix of both strategies.
Finally, to better reflect the situations lemurs face when foraging in the
wild, a third experiment tested the lemurs' ability to remember multiple
locations. In the initial session, a lemur was allowed to explore a room containing
eight open boxes, each marked with a distinct visual cue. Half the boxes were
baited with food and half were empty. After the lemur learned which boxes
contained food and which didn't, all eight boxes were baited with food and
covered with lids to keep it from view. Ten minutes later, when each lemur
searched the room again, only the ruffed lemurs preferentially searched spots
where they found food before.
In their native Madagascar, ruffed lemurs' diets can exceed 90% fruit --
especially figs. Remembering when and where to find food from one season to the
next requires keen spatial skills and good powers of recall. Fruit is only ripe
and ready to eat on a given tree for a limited time, and the next fruit-laden
tree may be far away in the forest.
Coquerel's sifakas eat mostly leaves, which are easier to find and
available for more months of the year. And ring-tailed lemurs and mongoose
lemurs -- who finished in second and third place in many of the memory tests --
can grab a snack pretty much anywhere, anytime, Rosati explained.
Animals living in captivity don't have to forage for food in the same way
they do in the wild, so the differences the experiments found are probably
innate, not learned, the researchers said.
The study is part of a long history of research aimed at understanding the
origins of primate intelligence. The most widely accepted idea is that humans
and other primates owe their smarts to the demands of getting along in a group.
But far fewer studies have examined the idea that some aspects of primate
intelligence arose because they helped the animals deal with other challenges,
such as foraging for food. The researchers point out that the most social
species in this study -- the ring-tailed lemurs -- fell in the middle of the pack
in terms of spatial memory skills.
"Our results suggests that different cognitive skills might evolve for
different reasons," Rosati said.
Story Source:
The above story is based on materials provided by Duke University. Note: Materials may be edited
for content and length.
Journal Reference:
1. Alexandra G. Rosati, Kerri Rodriguez,
Brian Hare. The ecology of spatial memory in four lemur species. Animal
Cognition, 2014; DOI: 10.1007/s10071-014-0727-2
