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Spesies baru yang ditemukan di parit terdalam di Bumi

Para peneliti telah kembali dari studi rinci pertama dari the Mariana Trench aboard Schmidt Ocean Institute's research vessel Falkor . Ekspedisi mengatur banyak catatan baru , termasuk sampel batuan terdalam yang pernah dikumpulkan dan penemuan spesies ikan baru di kedalaman terbesar yang pernah tercatat ....read more

New species
found in the deepest trench on Earth

Date:

December 20, 2014

Source:

Whitman College

Summary:

Researchers have
returned from the first detailed study of the Mariana Trench aboard Schmidt
Ocean Institute's research vessel Falkor. The expedition set many new records,
including the deepest rock samples ever collected and the discovery of new fish
species at the greatest depths ever recorded.

......................

whitman biology
professor Paul Yancey and students Anna Downing '16 and Chloe Weinstock '17
have returned from the first detailed study of the Mariana Trench aboard
Schmidt Ocean Institute's research vessel Falkor.

The Mariana Trench -- located in the Western Pacific near Guam -- has been
the focus of high-profile voyages to conquer Challenger Deep, the deepest place
on Earth. This recent expedition to the Trench onboard Research Vessel Falkor
targeted multiple depths and found active thriving communities of animals. The
expedition set many new records, including the deepest rock samples ever
collected and the discovery of new fish species at the greatest depths ever
recorded.

This Hadal Ecosystem Studies (HADES) expedition departed from other
deep-sea trench research by sampling a broad spectrum of environments using
five deep-sea vehicle systems called landers at specifically targeted depths
from 5000 to 10,600 meters (16,404 to 34,777 feet). Rather than solely focusing
on the deepest point in the Mariana Trench, a concerted effort was made to gain
a better understanding of the interplay between life and geologic processes
across the entire hadal zone.

Dr. Jeff Drazen, co-chief scientist, expressed the drive behind this
method: "Many studies have rushed to the bottom of the trench, but from an
ecological view that is very limiting. It's like trying to understand a
mountain ecosystem by only looking at its summit."

The findings from this research will help to answer important questions
about Earth's largest and least explored habitat, including what organisms live
there and how life adapts to these extreme conditions, as well as, how much
carbon in the atmosphere reaches the deep sea and if it affects the food chains
there.

New species were discovered on this expedition that will provide insight
into the physiological adaptations of animals to this high-pressure
environment. This research is being conducted in the lab of Whitman College's
Professor of Biology Paul Yancey. In the past, Yancey and his students, working
on animals from moderate depths, discovered certain organic molecules that
protect the cells of deep-sea animals from the effects of high pressure, which
distorts proteins such as enzymes. These kinds of protective molecules are also
being tested to treat human diseases that are caused by malformed proteins,
such as cystic fibrosis. Additionally, his work on protective molecules in
fishes predicted that fish would not be able to live below about 8,200 meters
(27,060 feet). Prior to this expedition, the deepest documented fish was from
7,700 meters (25,410 feet).

"In this new research, my students Chloe Weinstock '17 and Anna
Downing '16 and I want to see if such molecules help animals at the greatest
ocean depths -- about 35,000 feet in the Mariana Trench," said Yancey.
"In a preliminary analysis of amphipods we got from the Kermadec Trench
(33,000 feet deep) last spring, Gemma Wallace '14 and I discovered high levels
of a potentially protective molecule, scyllo-inositol, that is coincidentally
being tested by medical researchers to treat malformed proteins thought to
cause Alzheimer's Disease."

The expedition also broke several records for the deepest living fish
either caught or seen on video. Setting the record at 8,143 meters, (26,872
feet) was a completely unknown variety of snailfish, which stunned scientists
when it was filmed several times during seafloor experiments. The white
translucent fish had broad wing-like fins and an eel-like tail, and slowly
glided over the bottom.

Additionally, the deepest rock samples ever obtained from the inner slope
of the Trench represent some of the earliest volcanic eruptions of the Mariana
Island arc. These rocks can provide significant information on the geology of
the trench system.

Wendy Schmidt, co-founder and vice president of Schmidt Ocean Institute,
was delighted with the success of the expedition. "Rarely do we get a full
perspective of the ocean's unique deep environments. The questions that the
scientists will be able to answer following this cruise will pave the way for a
better understanding of the deep sea, which is not exempt from human
impact."

Falkor is now back in the Mariana Trench conducting research that will
complement the previous expedition and continue to explore this unique
environment. For the latest findings and updates, check the Schmidt Ocean
Institute website atwww.schmidtocean.org. Additional information about the HADES
program can be found at www.whoi.edu/hades.







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided by Whitman College. The original article was written by
Gina Ohnstad. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/12/141220040544.htm

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