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Manfaat lain menyusui : Mempersiapkan perut bayi untuk makanan padat
Para peneliti menemukan bahwa diet bayi selama beberapa bulan pertama kehidupan memiliki pengaruh besar pada komposisi , keanekaragaman , dan stabilitas microbiome usus . Faktor-faktor ini mempengaruhi kemampuan bayi untuk transisi dari susu ke makanan padat dan mungkin memiliki efek kesehatan jangka panjang ....read more
Another
breastfeeding benefit: Preparing baby's belly for solid food
Date:
February 5, 2015
Source:
University of North
Carolina School of Medicine
Summary:
Researchers found that
a baby’s diet during the first few months of life has a profound influence on
the composition, diversity, and stability of the gut microbiome. These factors
influence the baby’s ability to transition from milk to solid foods and may
have long-term health effects.
........................
The moment of birth marks the beginning of a
beautiful, lifelong relationship between a baby and the billions of microbes
that will soon colonize his or her gastrointestinal tract.
In a study published today in Frontiers in Cellular and Infection
Microbiology, researchers from the UNC School of Medicine and UNC College
of Arts and Sciences found that a baby's diet during the first few months of
life has a profound influence on the composition, diversity, and stability of
the gut microbiome. These factors, in turn, influence the baby's ability to
transition from milk to solid foods and may have long-term health effects.
"We found that babies who are fed only breast milk have microbial
communities that seem more ready for the introduction of solid foods,"
said Andrea Azcarate-Peril, PhD, assistant professor in the department of cell
biology and physiology and the study's senior author. "The transition to
solids is much more dramatic for the microbiomes of babies that are not
exclusively breastfed. We think the microbiomes of non-exclusively breastfed
babies could contribute to more stomach aches and colic."
The discovery adds to the growing awareness that the gut microbiome plays a
major role in helping us digest food and fight pathogens, among other
functions.
"This study provides yet more support for recommendations by the World
Health Organization and others to breastfeed exclusively during the first six
months of life," said Amanda Thompson, PhD, associate professor in the
department of anthropology, a Carolina Population Center faculty fellow, and
the study's first author. "We can see from the data that including formula
in an infant's diet does change the gut bacteria even if you are also
breastfeeding. Exclusive breastfeeding seems to really smooth out the transition
to solid foods."
For this study, the research team collected stool samples and information
about the diets and health of nine babies as they grew from ages 2 weeks to 14
months. Applying genomic sequencing techniques to the stool samples, the
scientists deduced the types and functions of the bacteria in the babies' gut
microbiomes. The analysis revealed that during the first few months of life
there were clear differences between the microbiomes of babies that were
exclusively breastfed as compared to those fed both formula and breast milk.
This finding is consistent with previous studies.
What surprised Thompson and Azcarate-Peril, who is the director of the UNC
Microbiome Core Facility, was the drastic genetic differences in stool samples
taken after babies began eating solid food. Researchers found differing amounts
of about 20 bacterial enzymes in exclusively breastfed babies when compared to
exclusively breastfed babies that received solid food. This indicated that some
new bacterial species had entered the scene to help process the new food types.
In babies fed both formula and breast milk -- and then introduced to solid
foods -- the samples revealed about 230 enzymes, indicating a much more
dramatic shift in microbial composition.
The microbiomes of exclusively breastfed babies tended to be less diverse
and were dominated by Bifidobacterium, a type of bacteria considered beneficial
for digestion. Babies fed a mixture of breast milk and formula had a lower
proportion of Bifidobacterium.
The study suggests that the makeup of the microbiome can affect a baby's
ability to digest food in the short term and potentially influence long-term
health. Although microbiome research is still in its early stages, gut microbes
are thought to potentially play a role in obesity, allergies, and
gastrointestinal problems, such as irritable bowel syndrome.
"The study advances our understanding of how the gut microbiome
develops early in life, which is clearly a really important time period for a
person's current and future health," said Thompson.
The researchers also compared the microbiomes of babies that attended
daycare to those that stayed in the home. Attending daycare was also associated
with more diverse microbial communities overall, but feeding practices remained
the most important factor influencing how the microbiome responded to the
introduction of solid foods.
Story Source:
The above story is based on materials provided by University of North Carolina School
of Medicine. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Journal Reference:
1. Amanda L. Thompson, Andrea
Monteagudo-Mera, Maria B. Cadenas, Michelle L. Lampl and M. A.
Azcarate-Peril. Milk- and solid-feeding practices and daycare
attendance are associated with differences in bacterial diversity, predominant
communities, and metabolic and immune function of the infant gut microbiome. Frontiers
in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 2015 DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2015.00003
