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Para ilmuwan menemukan organisme yang belum berkembang lebih dari 2 miliar tahun
ditemukan oleh kelompok ilmuwan internasional : jenis mikroorganisme laut dalam yang tampaknya tidak telah berevolusi selama lebih dari 2 miliar tahun . Tetapi para peneliti mengatakan bahwa kurangnya evolusi organisme ' sebenarnya mendukung teori Charles Darwin tentang evolusi ....read more
Scientists
discover organism that hasn't evolved in more than 2 billion years
Date:
February 3, 2015
Source:
University of
California - Los Angeles
Summary:
The greatest absence
of evolution ever reported has been discovered by an international group of scientists:
a type of deep-sea microorganism that appears not to have evolved over more
than 2 billion years. But the researchers say that the organisms' lack of
evolution actually supports Charles Darwin's theory of evolution.
...................
An international team of
scientists has discovered the greatest absence of evolution ever reported -- a
type of deep-sea microorganism that appears not to have evolved over more than
2 billion years. But the researchers say that the organisms' lack of evolution
actually supports Charles Darwin's theory of evolution.
The findings are published online by the Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences.
The scientists examined sulfur bacteria, microorganisms that are too small
to see with the unaided eye, that are 1.8 billion years old and were preserved
in rocks from Western Australia's coastal waters. Using cutting-edge
technology, they found that the bacteria look the same as bacteria of the same
region from 2.3 billion years ago -- and that both sets of ancient bacteria are
indistinguishable from modern sulfur bacteria found in mud off of the coast of
Chile.
"It seems astounding that life has not evolved for more than 2 billion
years -- nearly half the history of Earth," said J. William Schopf, a UCLA
professor of earth, planetary and space sciences in the UCLA College who was
the study's lead author. "Given that evolution is a fact, this lack of
evolution needs to be explained."
Charles Darwin's writings on evolution focused much more on species that
had changed over time than on those that hadn't. So how do scientists explain a
species living for so long without evolving?
"The rule of biology is not to evolve unless the physical or
biological environment changes, which is consistent with Darwin," said
Schopf, who also is director of UCLA's Center for the Study of Evolution and
the Origin of Life. The environment in which these microorganisms live has
remained essentially unchanged for 3 billion years, he said.
"These microorganisms are well-adapted to their simple, very stable
physical and biological environment," he said. "If they were in an
environment that did not change but they nevertheless evolved, that would have
shown that our understanding of Darwinian evolution was seriously flawed."
Schopf said the findings therefore provide further scientific proof for
Darwin's work. "It fits perfectly with his ideas," he said.
The fossils Schopf analyzed date back to a substantial rise in Earth's
oxygen levels known as the Great Oxidation Event, which scientists believe
occurred between 2.2 billion and 2.4 billion years ago. The event also produced
a dramatic increase in sulfate and nitrate -- the only nutrients the
microorganisms would have needed to survive in their seawater mud environment
-- which the scientists say enabled the bacteria to thrive and multiply.
Schopf used several techniques to analyze the fossils, including Raman
spectroscopy -- which enables scientists to look inside rocks to determine
their composition and chemistry -- and confocal laser scanning microscopy --
which renders fossils in 3-D. He pioneered the use of both techniques for
analyzing microscopic fossils preserved inside ancient rocks.
Story Source:
The above story is based on materials provided by University
of California - Los Angeles. The original article was written by Stuart Wolpert. Note:
Materials may be edited for content and length.
Journal Reference:
1. J. William Schopf, Anatoliy B.
Kudryavtsev, Malcolm R. Walter, Martin J. Van Kranendonk, Kenneth H. Williford,
Reinhard Kozdon, John W. Valley, Victor A. Gallardo, Carola Espinoza, David T.
Flannery. Sulfur-cycling fossil bacteria from the 1.8-Ga Duck Creek
Formation provide promising evidence of evolution's null hypothesis. Proceedings
of the National Academy of Sciences, 2015; 201419241 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1419241112
The 59-year-old cancer survivor is celebrating again, after the FDA
approved the use of the drug.
"Sixty percent of all women diagnosed with this disease have my
variety, and this drug having this sort of an impact, so fast and so effectively,
is earth shattering," she said.
Gloria Zollar joined the phase 2 clinical trial in August 2010, after her
UCLA oncologist discovered that her advanced breast cancer had spread to her
bones. She has been on treatment since that time, over four years.
But only one year later, doctors noticed that her tumors had stopped
progressing, which allowed Zollar to remain active and continue playing golf.
"I am now in remission, and everyday I'm thankful to God that I'm
alive and able to see my great-grandchildren and spend time with them,"
said Zollar. The 78-year-old patient is excited that the drug is now available
to other women battling this deadly disease.
"I am very pleased that other women could have a second chance at life
like many of us who participated in the trial," she said.
Story Source:
The above story is based on materials provided by University
of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Health Sciences. The original article was written by
Reggie Kumar.Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
