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Neanderthal menghilang dari Semenanjung Iberia sebelum dari seluruh Eropa
Sampai beberapa bulan yang lalu artikel ilmiah yang berbeda waktu hilangnya Neanderthal ( Homo neanderthalensis ) dari Eropa sekitar 40.000 tahun yang lalu . Namun, sebuah studi baru menunjukkan bahwa hominid ini menghilang sebelum itu di Semenanjung Iberia , sekitar 45.000 tahun yang lalu ....read more
Neanderthals
disappeared from the Iberian Peninsula before than from the rest of Europe
Date:
February 5, 2015
Source:
Plataforma SINC
Summary:
Until a few months ago
different scientific articles dated the disappearance of the Neanderthals (Homo
neanderthalensis) from Europe at around 40,000 years ago. However, a new study
shows that these hominids could have disappeared before then in the Iberian
Peninsula, closer to 45,000 years ago.
.....................
until a few months ago
different scientific articles, including those published in 'Nature', dated the
disappearance of the Neanderthals (Homo
neanderthalensis) from Europe at around 40,000 years ago. However,
a new study shows that these hominids could have disappeared before then in the
Iberian Peninsula, closer to 45,000 years ago.
A scientific article published in Nature in August 2014
revealed that the European Neanderthals could have disappeared between 41,000
and 39,000 years ago, according to the fossil remains found at sites located
from the Black Sea in Russia to the Atlantic coastline of Spain.
However, in the Iberian Peninsula the Neanderthals may have disappeared
45,000 years ago. This is what has now been revealed by data found at the El
Salt site in the Valencian Community (Spain).
"Both conclusions are complementary and not contradictory,"
confirms Bertila Galván, lead author of the study published in the Journal
of Human Evolutionand researcher at the Training and Research Unit of
Prehistory, Archaeology and Ancient History at the University of La Laguna
(ULL) (Tenerife, Spain).
Until now, there was no direct dating in Spain on the Neanderthal human
remains which produced recent dates. "The few that provided dates before
43,000 and 45,000 years ago in all cases," points out Galván, who says
that there are more contextual datings. "Those which offer recent dates
are usually labelled as dubious or have very small amounts of lithic material
that can tell us little," he observes. The study in Nature proposes that
the point of departure was 40,000 years as "there is almost no evidence of
these human groups in the Eurasian region," but it also recognises that
the process of disappearance is "complex and manifests itself in a
regionalised manner with peculiarities in the different places," adds
Galván, who also worked on theNature research.
In this context, the new study questions the existence of the Neanderthals
in the Iberian Peninsula later than 43,000 years ago. In doing so the team of
scientists provided data that referred specifically to the final occupations in
El Salt, "a very robust archaeological context" in terms of the
reliability of the remains, says the scientist.
The new timeline for the disappearance of the Neanderthals (which also
includes "solid and evidence-based" information from other sites in
the territory) allows for a regional reading, limited to the Iberian Peninsula;
and which coincides with the remains found at other Spanish sites. "These
new dates indicate a possible disappearance of the regional Neanderthal
populations around 45,000 years ago," indicates the study's research team.
The gradual demise of the Iberian Neanderthals
The ample record of lithic objects and remains of fauna (mainly goats,
horses and deer), as well as the extensive stratigraphic sequence of El Salt
have allowed the disappearance of the Neanderthals to be dated at a site that
covers their last 30,000 years of existence.
Together with this new dating is the discovery of six teeth that probably
belonged to a young Homo neanderthalensis adult and that
"could represent an individual of one of the last groups of Neanderthals
which occupied the site and possibly the region," say the scientists.
Analysis with high resolution techniques, which combined palaeoenvironmental
and archaeological data, point to "a progressive weakening of the
population, or rather, not towards an abrupt end, but a gradual one, which must
have been drawn out over several millennia, during which the human groups
dwindled in number," as Cristo Hernández, another of the study's authors
and researcher at ULL, said.
This gradual disappearance coincided with a change in the climate creating
colder and more arid environmental conditions, "which must have had an
effect on the lives of these diminishing populations," adds Hernández. The
anatomically modern humans had no role in this disappearance, unlike "the
significant worsening of the climate, given that their presence in these lands
was much later," reveals the researcher.
The new dating establishes depopulation in this region between the last
Neanderthals and the first anatomically modern humans. This fact has been
archaeologically proven in a sedimentary hiatus that was found not only in El
Salt, "but also in other sites on the Iberian Peninsula," conclude
the researchers.
Story Source:
The above story is based on materials provided by Plataforma SINC. Note: Materials may be edited
for content and length.
Journal Reference:
1. Bertila Galván, Cristo M. Hernández,
Carolina Mallol, Norbert Mercier, Ainara Sistiaga, Vicente Soler. New evidence
of early Neanderthal disappearance in the Iberian Peninsula. Journal
of Human Evolution, 2014; 75: 16 DOI:10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.06.002
