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Leluhur buaya adalah predator teratas sebelum dinosaurus menjelajahi Amerika Utara

Sebuah nenek moyang buaya yang baru ditemukan mungkin telah mengisi salah satu peran predator puncak di Amerika Utara sebelum dinosaurus tiba di benua itu . Carnufex carolinensis , atau ' Jagal Carolina , ', crocodylomorph darat  sembilan kaki panjangnya  yang berjalan dengan kaki belakangnya dari ekosistem North Carolina seperti reptil lapis baja dan kerabat mamalia awal ....read more

Crocodile
ancestor was top predator before dinosaurs roamed North America

Date:

March 19, 2015

Source:

North Carolina State
University

Summary:

A newly discovered
crocodilian ancestor may have filled one of North America's top predator roles
before dinosaurs arrived on the continent. Carnufex carolinensis, or the
'Carolina Butcher,' was a nine-foot long, land-dwelling crocodylomorph that
walked on its hind legs and likely preyed upon smaller inhabitants of North
Carolina ecosystems such as armored reptiles and early mammal relatives.

...................

A newly discovered
crocodilian ancestor may have filled one of North America's top predator roles
before dinosaurs arrived on the continent.Carnufex
carolinensis, or the "Carolina Butcher," was a 9-foot
long, land-dwelling crocodylomorph that walked on its hind legs and likely
preyed upon smaller inhabitants of North Carolina ecosystems such as armored
reptiles and early mammal relatives.

Paleontologists from North Carolina State University and the North Carolina
Museum of Natural Sciences recovered parts of Carnufex's skull,
spine and upper forelimb from the Pekin Formation in Chatham County, North
Carolina. Because the skull of Carnufex was preserved in
pieces, it was difficult to visualize what the complete skull would have looked
like in life. To get a fuller picture of Carnufex's skull the
researchers scanned the individual bones with the latest imaging technology --
a high-resolution surface scanner. Then they created a three-dimensional model of
the reconstructed skull, using the more complete skulls of close relatives to
fill in the missing pieces.

The Pekin Formation contains sediments deposited 231 million years ago in
the beginning of the Late Triassic (the Carnian), when what is now North Carolina
was a wet, warm equatorial region beginning to break apart from the
supercontinent Pangea. "Fossils from this time period are extremely
important to scientists because they record the earliest appearance of
crocodylomorphs and theropod dinosaurs, two groups that first evolved in the
Triassic period, yet managed to survive to the present day in the form of
crocodiles and birds," says Lindsay Zanno, assistant research professor at
NC State, director of the Paleontology and Geology lab at the museum, and lead
author of a paper describing the find. "The discovery of Carnufex,
one of the world's earliest and largest crocodylomorphs, adds new information
to the push and pull of top terrestrial predators across Pangea."

Typical predators roaming Pangea included large-bodied rauisuchids and
poposauroids, fearsome cousins of ancient crocodiles that went extinct in the
Triassic Period. In the Southern Hemisphere, "these animals hunted
alongside the earliest theropod dinosaurs, creating a predator pile-up,"
says Zanno. However, the discovery of Carnufex indicates that
in the north, large-bodied crocodylomorphs, not dinosaurs, were adding to the
diversity of top predator niches. "We knew that there were too many top
performers on the proverbial stage in the Late Triassic," Zanno adds.
"Yet, until we deciphered the story behind Carnufex, it wasn't
clear that early crocodile ancestors were among those vying for top predator
roles prior to the reign of dinosaurs in North America."

As the Triassic drew to a close, extinction decimated this panoply of
predators and only small-bodied crocodylomorphs and theropods survived.
"Theropods were ready understudies for vacant top predator niches when
large-bodied crocs and their relatives bowed out," says Zanno. "Predatory
dinosaurs went on to fill these roles exclusively for the next 135 million
years."

Still, ancient crocodiles found success in other places. "As theropod
dinosaurs started to make it big, the ancestors of modern crocs initially took
on a role similar to foxes or jackals, with small, sleek bodies and long
limbs," says Susan Drymala, graduate student at NC State and co-author of
the paper. "If you want to picture these animals, just think of a modern
day fox, but with alligator skin instead of fur."







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided by North Carolina State University.Note: Materials may be edited for
content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.    Lindsay E. Zanno, Susan Drymala,
Sterling J. Nesbitt, Vincent P. Schneider. Early crocodylomorph
increases top tier predator diversity during rise of dinosaurs. Scientific
Reports, 2015; 5: 9276 DOI: 10.1038/srep09276

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/03/150319080348.htm

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