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Obat umum  herpes  mengurangi tingkat HIV - 1 , infeksi herpes independent

Valacyclovir mengurangi tingkat HIV - 1  - bahkan ketika pasien tidak memiliki herpes - ..... . Hasilnya tidak hanya berarti bahwa Valacyclovir dapat digunakan secara efektif dengan lebih luas pada pasien  HIV - 1  , tetapi juga menunjukkan jalan baru yang menjanjikan untuk pengembangan obat HIV – fighting drug . Pemahaman ini sangat penting mengingat bahwa beberapa bentuk HIV - 1 telah menjadi resisten terhadap obat-obatan yang ada .....read more

Common herpes
medication reduces HIV-1 levels, independent of herpes infection

Date:

March 13, 2015

Source:

Case Western Reserve
University

Summary:

Valacyclovir reduces
HIV-1 levels — even when patients do not have herpes -- results from a resent
study indicate. The result not only means that Valacyclovir can be used
effectively with a broader range of HIV-1 patients, but also suggests promising
new avenues for the development of HIV-fighting drugs. This insight is
particularly significant given that some forms of HIV-1 have become resistant
to existing medications.

.............................

case Western Reserve
researchers are part of an international team that has discovered that a common
herpes drug reduces HIV-1 levels -- even when patients do not have herpes.

Published online in Clinical Infectious Diseases, the finding
rebuts earlier scientific assumptions that Valacyclovir (brand name, Valtrex)
required the presence of the other infection to benefit patients with HIV-1.

The result not only means that Valacyclovir can be used effectively with a
broader range of HIV-1 patients, but also suggests promising new avenues for
the development of HIV-fighting drugs. This insight is particularly significant
given that some forms of HIV-1 have become resistant to existing medications.

"These results demonstrated that the mechanism by which Valacyclovir acts
against HIV is not only through the presence of HSV-2," said senior author
Benigno Rodriguez, MD, associate professor of medicine and infectious diseases,
CWRU School of Medicine, co-Principal Investigator, Case Western Reserve
University/University Hospitals Case Medical Center AIDS Clinical Trials Unit,
and infectious disease specialist with UH Case Medical Center.

Even better, Rodriguez said, studies by these groups helped illuminate
exactly how the medication decreases HIV-1 levels. Valacyclovir is activated in
virus-infected cells, and then blocks the ability of HIV to reproduce.

The result? Reduced viral load.

HIV-1 can lead to the immune deficiency known as AIDS. The herpes simplex
virus 2 (HSV-2) causes periodic recurrence of genital herpes lesions, which
increase the likelihood that a herpes sufferer may contract HIV through
intimate contact. HSV-2 outbreaks are treated with either Acyclovir or the
newer generation Valacyclovir, which requires less frequent dosing.

Scientists previously thought that Valacyclovir helped reduce HIV levels
and worked by decreasing the immune activation caused by HSV-2. With fewer
immune cells to attack, the theory went, HIV-1 could not spread as widely. Yet
Leonid Margolis, PhD, of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), believed
another explanation might exist. After conducting laboratory studies with
Acyclovir, an earlier sibling drug of Valacyclovir, Margolis saw that the
medication clearly blocked HIV-1 reproduction, even when HSV-2 was absent.
Those results helped spur clinical trials of Valacyclovir in people, and
Margolis is senior author of the resulting journal article.

Beginning in June, 2009, patients from UH Case Medical Center and from
IMPACTA, the Civic Association for Health and Education in Lima, Peru, started
participating in the trials, which lasted until July, 2012. Under its
protocols, half the patients took Valacyclovir twice daily for 12 weeks, while
the other half took a placebo for the same period of time. After a two-week
break from any medications, the two groups switched: those previously on
placebo got 12 weeks of the Valacyclovir, and those who already had taken the
medication now received placebos. When study participants took Valacyclovir,
their HIV viral loads went down, and when they took the placebo, their HIV
viral loads went up. Ultimately, a total of 18 patients participated.

"Our most recent clinical study demonstrates that acyclovir blocks HIV
replication directly. The anti-HIV activity of valacyclovir does not depend on
blocking the inflammation caused by herpes simplex virus 2," said Michael
M. Lederman, MD, also a senior author. He is the Scott R. Inkley Professor of
Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, and Principal
Investigator of the Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Case
Medical Center AIDS Clinical Trials Unit and infectious disease specialist with
UH Case Medical Center.

Lederman and Rodriguez, the two Cleveland-based members of the research
team, believe that the data from this study can inform new drug development.
Essentially, researchers would try to design agents based on the Valacyclovir's
molecular structure -- now proven to block HIV activity.

"The drug might be an agent that can be used safely in some people
with HIV infection who have a form of HIV that is highly resistant to other
antiretroviral drugs," Lederman said. "Valacyclovir might well
augment the cocktail of medications they take for reducing HIV replication.
Valacyclovir is a well-tolerated drug, and it doesn't have a lot of side
effects."







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided by Case
Western Reserve University. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.    C. Vanpouille, A. Lisco, J.-C. Grivel,
L. C. Bassit, R. C. Kauffman, J. Sanchez, R. F. Schinazi, M. M. Lederman, B.
Rodriguez, L. Margolis. Valacyclovir Decreases Plasma HIV-1 RNA in
HSV-2 Seronegative Individuals: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial. Clinical
Infectious Diseases, 2015; DOI:10.1093/cid/civ172

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/03/150313130741.htm

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