Pertahanan kekebalan inbuilt alam dapat melindungi bakteri industri dari virus--T-REC-komunitas reptil-semarang--KSE-komunitas satwa eksotik

SILAHKAN MENGGUNAKAN " MESIN TRANSLATE "..GOOGLE TRANSLATE
DISAMPING KANAN INI.............

PLEASE USE ........ "TRANSLATE MACHINE" .. GOOGLE TRANSLATE BESIDE RIGHT THIS

.................


T-REC -TUGUMUDA REPTILES COMMUNITY-INDONESIA


More info :
www.trecsemarang2011.blogspot.com
minat gabung : ( menerima keanggotaan seluruh kota dan daerah di Indonesia )
08995557626
..................................
KSE – KOMUNITAS SATWA EKSOTIK – EXOTIC PETS COMMUNITY-- INDONESIA
Visit Our Community and Joint W/ Us....Welcome All Over The World
www.facebook.com/groups/komunitassatwaeksotik/
 KSE = KOMUNITAS SATWA EKSOTIK

MENGATASI KENDALA MINAT DAN JARAK

KAMI ADA DI TIAP KOTA DI INDONESIA
DETAIL TENTANG KSE-----KLIK : www.komunitassatwaeksotik-pendaftaran.blogspot.com

GABUNG......... ( menerima keanggotaan seluruh kota dan daerah di Indonesia )
HUBUNGI   :  089617123865

.........................

Pertahanan kekebalan inbuilt alam dapat melindungi bakteri industri dari virus

Temuan dari studi baru untuk menyelidiki evolusi pertahanan kekebalan bisa meningkatkan perkembangan bakteri industri yang kebal terhadap infeksi virus tertentu ....read more

Nature's inbuilt
immune defense could protect industrial bacteria from viruses

Date:

March 12, 2015

Source:

University of Exeter

Summary:

Findings from a new
study that set out to investigate the evolution of immune defenses could boost
the development of industrial bacteria that are immune to specific viral
infections.

.....................

findings from a new
study that set out to investigate the evolution of immune defences could boost
the development of industrial bacteria that are immune to specific viral
infections. The study is published today in the journal Current
Biology.

Bacteria have many industrial uses including the production of cheese and
yoghurt, paper making, biogas and the synthetic production of hormones like
insulin. Viral infections of these bacterial cultures can halt production
processes resulting in significant financial cost.

Dr Edze Westra from the Environment and Sustainability Institute at the
University of Exeter's Penryn Campus in Cornwall said: "Our study
indicates that it is the risk of infection that determines the type of immune
defence used. This naturally occurring mechanism can be used to our advantage
to equip industrial bacteria with immunity against viral attack."

In a series of experiments researchers from the University of Exeter
exposed bacteria to phages -- viruses that infect bacteria. They discovered
that when the bacteria were exposed to high numbers of the same strain of phage
they evolved a permanent immune response by modifying their cell walls. This
was an irreversible defence mechanism that had a negative impact on the long
term health of the bacteria.

When the bacteria were exposed to low numbers of the same phage, a
temporary defence was induced that used an immune response known as a CRISPR.
Although costly when in use, in the absence of viruses the CRISPR response can
lie dormant until required. The low overhead cost of this immune response has
little impact on the long term health of the bacteria making it ideal for use
in commercial applications.

Working in a similar way to a vaccine, bacteria could be 'pre-loaded' with
CRISPR immune responses for multiple different phages. This is better for the
health of the bacteria and results in higher product yields as well as
protecting the culture in the event of infection with a range of viruses.

CRISPR functions by integrating genetic information from the virus into the
bacterial DNA, forming a genetic database of viral sequences that is used as a
memory to identify viruses during infection. If a viral infection then
threatens the bacterial cell, the CRISPR immune system can thwart the attack by
destroying the genome of the invading virus.

The research indicates that parasite exposure is likely to be a key factor
in driving the evolution of permanent versus inducible -- or temporary --
defences in nature. This suggests that organisms living together in large populations,
or parasite-rich conditions, are more likely to evolve permanent defences,
whereas low parasite conditions select for inducible defences.







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided by University of Exeter. Note: Materials may be edited
for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.    Angus Buckling et al. Parasite
Exposure Drives Selective Evolution of Constitutive versus Inducible Defense. Current
Biology, March 2015 DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2015.01.065

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/03/150312123321.htm

Share this: