Jumlah spesies jamur telah sangat dibesar-besarkan--T-REC-komunitas reptil-semarang--KSE-komunitas satwa eksotik

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Jumlah spesies jamur telah sangat dibesar-besarkan

Masyarakat jamur adalah spesies –paling  kaya di hutan hujan tropis ,..... Diperkirakan kekayaan spesies global jamur , 1,5-5100000 spesies , bagaimanapun, tampaknya menjadi terlalu tinggi besar , menurut data peneliti .....read more

Number of fungal
species has been greatly overestimated

Date:

March 13, 2015

Source:

University of Tartu

Summary:

The most species-rich
fungal communities are in tropical rainforests, new research confirms. The
estimated global species richness of fungi, 1.5–5.1 million species, however,
seems to be a vast overestimation, according to their data.

...................................

A study led by the
researchers of the University of Tartu Natural History Museum discovered that
the most species-rich fungal communities are in tropical rainforests. The
estimated global species richness of fungi, 1.5-5.1 million species, however,
seems to be a vast overestimation, according to their data.

"Together with 35 research institutions we collected approximately
15,000 soil samples from various areas across the world. We then sequenced the
DNA in the collected samples, using the new generation sequencing method. When
analysing the soil samples, we found more than 45,000 fungal species. To our
knowledge, this is the largest dataset of biodiversity studies published so
far," said Leho Tedersoo, Senior Research Fellow of the University of
Tartu Natural History Museum and the manager of the project.

"The coordination of the activities of all partners and obtaining all
the required permits for getting the samples meant a lot of paperwork. In some
countries we could not collect samples just because we could not get the
permits. For generalisations, however, the amount of the collected material is
more than enough," said Tedersoo.

As the main findings, the study concluded that the species richness
patterns of fungi in general follow these of plants and animals -- i.e. the
species richness is the highest in tropical rainforests and general rules of
biogeography apply. In the past, it was commonly held that the latter do not
apply to microorganisms -- that all forms are present everywhere depending on
the substrate. The study found that the number of fungal species in the world
has been greatly overestimated.

"We discovered that endemism -- the phenomenon that particular species
live only in a rather limited area -- is also very common among fungi,"
explained Tedersoo. Tedersoo added that there are also many species that are
spread across the world, such as mould and animal pathogens. "Although the
spread of plant and animal species in the temperate climate zone of the
northern hemisphere is limited to continents, many fungal species are equally
spread in Asia, North America and Europe. This indicates that fungi have a more
efficient spreading mechanism: microscopic spores," said Tedersoo.

"The research findings will not save the world, but help the
researchers understand the global biological processes much better. As the
species richness and spread of fungi mostly depend on precipitation,
temperature and vegetation, it can be assumed that climate change strongly
affects mycobiota in dry and cool regions. The good news for the Estonian
mycophile is that when it comes to mycorrhizal fungi, which include almost all
edible and poisonous mushrooms, the forests of our climate zone are the richest
in species. The age-old Abruka limetree forest holds the record," said
Tedersoo.

In the future, the working group of ecology of biological interactions is
planning to focus on detecting functional difference in soil organisms in
different ecosystems of the world, to show how these organisms have adapted to
different climatic and soil-formation processes and to
historical-biogeographical factors.

"Such analyses require computational power and cloud services, which
are available in the PlutoF system and at the High Performance Computing Center
of the University of Tartu," said Tedersoo. "Huge work has been done
by my colleagues Mohammad Bahram, Sergei Põlme, Urmas Kõljalg and Kessy
Abarenkov. These days, analyses of such scale cannot even be conducted by a
single researcher or a small working group."







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided by University
of Tartu. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.    L. Tedersoo, M. Bahram, S. Polme, U.
Koljalg, N. S. Yorou, R. Wijesundera, L. V. Ruiz, A. M. Vasco-Palacios, P. Q.
Thu, A. Suija, M. E. Smith, C. Sharp, E. Saluveer, A. Saitta, M. Rosas, T.
Riit, D. Ratkowsky, K. Pritsch, K. Poldmaa, M. Piepenbring, C. Phosri, M.
Peterson, K. Parts, K. Partel, E. Otsing, E. Nouhra, A. L. Njouonkou, R. H.
Nilsson, L. N. Morgado, J. Mayor, T. W. May, L. Majuakim, D. J. Lodge, S. S.
Lee, K.-H. Larsson, P. Kohout, K. Hosaka, I. Hiiesalu, T. W. Henkel, H. Harend,
L.-d. Guo, A. Greslebin, G. Grelet, J. Geml, G. Gates, W. Dunstan, C. Dunk, R.
Drenkhan, J. Dearnaley, A. De Kesel, T. Dang, X. Chen, F. Buegger, F. Q.
Brearley, G. Bonito, S. Anslan, S. Abell, K. Abarenkov. Global
diversity and geography of soil fungi. Science, 2014; 346
(6213): 1256688 DOI:10.1126/science.1256688

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/03/150313083447.htm

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