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Bisakah manusia mendapatkan   norovirus dari anjing mereka ?

..... menurut penelitian . Itu meningkatkan kemungkinan transmisi anjing ke manusia  , kata seorang dokter hewan dan penulis pertama laporan baru ....read more

Can humans get
norovirus from their dogs?

Date:

April 10, 2015

Source:

American Society for
Microbiology

Summary:

Human norovirus may
infect our canine companions, according to research. That raises the
possibility of dog-to-human transmission, says a veterinarian and first author
of a new report.

............................

human norovirus may
infect our canine companions, according to research published online April 1 in
the Journal of Clinical Microbiology, a
publication of the American Society for Microbiology. That raises the
possibility of dog-to-human transmission, said first author Sarah Caddy, VetMB,
PhD, MRCVS, a veterinarian and PhD student at the University of Cambridge, and
Imperial College, London, UK. Norovirus is the leading cause of food-borne
illness in the United States, according to the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC).

The research showed that some dogs can mount an immune response to human
norovirus, said Caddy, who will be a junior research fellow at the University of
Cambridge, beginning in August. "This strongly suggests that these dogs
have been infected with the virus. We also confirmed that that human norovirus
can bind to the cells of the canine gut, which is the first step required for
infection of cells."

Caddy and collaborators performed the latter research using non-infectious
human norovirus particles, which consist solely of the virus' outer protein,
called the capsid. The capsid is the part of the virus that binds to host
cells. By itself, it is non-infectious because it lacks genetic material. (The
non-infectious capsid is the basis for a new norovirus vaccine which is being
tested in clinical trials, said Caddy).

Nonetheless, it is not clear just how much of a problem canine infection
and transmission may represent for humans, said Caddy. Despite dogs' apparent
susceptibility, the investigators failed to find norovirus in canine stool
samples, including those from dogs with diarrhea. They found it in serum
samples of only about one seventh of 325 dogs tested.

Additionally, it is not yet known whether human norovirus can cause
clinical disease in dogs Assuming that dogs become infected with human
norovirus as per this study, it also remains unknown whether they could shed
the virus in quantities sufficient to infect humans--although clinical
investigators have estimated that as few as 18 virus particles can cause human
infection.

Moreover, it is yet to be determined whether dogs play a role in the
epidemiology of some outbreaks of human norovirus. Some of the biggest
outbreaks occur in places from which dogs are absent, such as on cruise ships
and in hospitals.

Norovirus, which causes vomiting and diarrhea, is extremely contagious
among humans. It infects 19-21 million Americans annually--more than six percent
of the US population--according to the CDC. Those infections may result in as
many as 71,000 hospitalizations, and 800 deaths.

The impetus for the study came from her veterinary practice, and her status
as a dog owner, said Caddy. "As a small animal veterinarian, I am often
asked by dog owners if they might be able to pass infections onto their dogs,
or if their dogs are contagious to them," said Caddy. "There are
plenty of anecdotal cases of dogs and humans in the same household, having
simultaneous gastroenteritis, but very little rigorous scientific research is
conducted in this area."

"Until more definitive data is available, sensible hygiene precautions
should be taken around pets, especially when gastroenteritis in either humans
or dogs is present in a household," said Caddy.







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided by American
Society for Microbiology. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.    Sarah L. Caddy, Alexis de Rougemont,
Edward Emmott, Laila El-Attar, Judy A. Mitchell, Michael Hollinshead, Gael
Belliot, Joe Brownlie, Jacques Le Pendu, Ian Goodfellow. Evidence for
human norovirus infection of dogs in the UK. Journal of Clinical
Microbiology, 2015; JCM.02778-14 DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02778-14

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/04/150410165346.htm

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