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NASA berencana untuk mengirim material  ke ruang angkasa pada hari Senin, 13 April. The Synthetic Muscle ™ telah dikembangkan untuk  logam , dan dapat digunakan dalam robotika dalam perjalanan ruang angkasa  seperti perjalanan ke Mars karena tahan radiasi , para ilmuwan mengatakan . " Berdasarkan hasil baik  di  bumi , langkah berikutnya adalah untuk melihat bagaimana berperilaku di lingkungan ruang angkasa , " kata seorang insinyur yang bekerja pada proyek ....read more

Synthetic muscle
ready for launch

Date:

April 9, 2015

Source:

Princeton Plasma
Physics Laboratory

Summary:

NASA plans to send
advanced material into space on Monday, April 13. The Synthetic Muscle™ has
been developed to adhere to metal, and could be used in robotics in deep space
travel such as travel to Mars because of its radiation resistance, scientists
say. "Based on the good results we had on planet Earth, the next step is
to see how it behaves in a space environment," said an engineer who worked
on the project.

..........................

lenore Rasmussen's dream
of developing a synthetic muscle that could be used to make better prosthetic
limbs and more responsive robots will literally become airborne on April 13 at
4:33 p.m. when her experiment will rocket off to the International Space
Station from Cape Canaveral in Florida.

Rasmussen developed the material at RAS Labs and has worked closely with
researchers and engineers at the U.S. Department of Energy's Princeton Plasma
Physics Laboratory (PPPL) to develop the material's ability to adhere to metal.
The Synthetic Muscle™ could be used in robotics in deep space travel such as
travel to Mars because of its radiation resistance.

"Based on the good results we had on planet Earth, the next step is to
see how it behaves in a space environment," said Charles Gentile, a PPPL
engineer who has worked closely with Rasmussen. "From there the next step
might be to use it on a mission to Mars."

Early Connection with PPPL

Rasmussen began working with PPPL in 2007 just four years after she started
Ras Labs. She received her first patent for a synthetic muscle in 1998. It is a
gel-like material called an electroactive polymer that can potentially mimic
human movement because it can expand and contract to simulate the movement of
muscles in humans. That ability would make it very useful in robotics and in
developing better prosthetic limbs.

"We can't explore space without robots," Rasmussen said.
"Humans can only withstand a certain amount of radiation so that limits the
time that people can be in space, whereas robots particularly if they're
radiation-resistant can be up there for long periods of time without being
replaced."

Lew Meixler, the long-time head of Technology Transfer at PPPL, who retired
in March, said he has enjoyed helping Rasmussen follow her quest. "That's
what entrepreneurs are," he said. "They're the dreamers who devote
all their time, energy and resources to follow their dreams."

Rasmussen credits PPPL with providing help and support during critical points
in her project. "It was and continues to be a wonderful resource not just
because of the plasma physics but the people," she said. "Charlie and
Lew found ways to make things happen."

Rasmussen solved a crucial problem at PPPL: getting the gel, which can be
as soft as jelly or as hard as rubber, to adhere to the metal electrodes.
Initially working with Lew Meixler on a federal Cooperative Research and
Development Agreement in the Plasma Surface Laboratory, she solved the problem
by treating the metal (steel or titanium) with a plasma. This changed the
metal's surface and made the gel adhere more closely to the metal

PPPL was also involved with crucial tests of the material last summer, when
the material was exposed to over 300,000 RADs of gamma radiation. That is 20
times the amount that would be lethal to a human and was equivalent to a trip
from earth to Mars and back. A second test of 45 hours was enough to be
equivalent to a trip to Jupiter and beyond

Rasmussen and Gentile found that there was no change in the strength,
electroacivity, or durability of the material due to the radiation although
there was a slight change in color. Tests on selected samples of the material
found it was not affected by extreme temperatures down to -271 degrees Celsius,
which is close to absolute zero, the coldest temperature possible in the
universe.

Preparing for launch

Since then, PPPL staff members have been involved in planning for the
launch. This involves mapping out each detail with military precision. Several
PPPL staff members, along with Rasmussen and her staff, signed the back of the
metal container or coupon holding the material. "All of the people who
worked on the lab signed it and the coupon will go into space," said
Gentile. "So I'll be up there with Gene Roddenberry."

The Synthetic Muscle™ material will be launched on the Falcon 9, a rocket
carrying the Dragon, both produced by Space X, which will carry 4,300 pounds of
supplies and payloads, including material for research experiments, to the
International Space Station National Laboratory. The nine-engine rocket will
propel the Dragon into orbit where it will meet with the Space Station 33 hours
after it is launched. Astronauts will use the station's 57-foot arm to reach
out and capture Dragon at 7:15 a.m. on April 15. Additional information about
the launch is available athttps://blogs.nasa.gov/spacex/2015/03/31/spacex-targeting-april-13-for-station-resupply-launch/.

The material will be kept in a zero gravity storage rack in the U.S.
National Laboratory on the space station for 90 days. The astronauts will
photograph the materials every three weeks. When the material returns to Earth
in July, it will be tested and compared with identical materials that remained
on Earth.

The International Space Station is an international science laboratory in
low Earth orbit where astronauts conduct scientific research in biology, human
biology, astronomy, meteorology and other fields in a gravity-free environment.
It has operated since November of 2000 with the cooperation of the U.S.,
Russia, many European nations, Japan, Canada, and Brazil. It is currently
staffed by two astronauts from NASA, three cosmonauts from Russia and an
astronaut from the European Space Agency.

Use as a prosthetic

Rasmussen is also exploring whether Synthetic Muscle™ could be used as a
prosthetic liner. The vestigial limbs of amputees can expand and contract
during the day and the Ras Labs material is designed to expand and contract so
it could make prosthetics more comfortable. She recently received a grant from
the Pediatric Medical Device Consortium at the Children's Hospital of
Philadelphia to research this possibility.







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided by Princeton
Plasma Physics Laboratory. The original article was written by Jeanne Jackson DeVoe. Note:
Materials may be edited for content and length.




http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/04/150409162234.htm

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