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Fosil sangat diawetkan memberikan suara burung teror kuno

Sebuah spesies baru dari Amerika Selatan fosil burung teror  disebut Llallawavis scagliai atau , ' Scaglia Magnificent Bird ' ... pada keragaman kelompok dan bagaimana predator punah raksasa berinteraksi dengan lingkungannya . Spesies baru ini adalah burung teror paling lengkap yang pernah ditemukan , dengan lebih dari 90 persen dari kerangka  diawetkan ....read more

Exceptionally
preserved fossil gives voice to ancient terror bird

Date:

April 9, 2015

Source:

Society of Vertebrate
Paleontology

Summary:

A new species of South
American fossil terror bird called Llallawavis scagliai or, 'Scaglia's
Magnificent Bird' is shedding light on the diversity of the group and how these
giant extinct predators interacted with their environment. The new species is
the most complete terror bird ever discovered, with more than 90 percent of the
skeleton exquisitely preserved.

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A new species of South
American fossil terror bird called Llallawavis scagliai ("Scaglia's Magnificent
Bird") is shedding light on the diversity of the group and how these giant
extinct predators interacted with their environment. The new species, described
in the latest issue of the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology,
is the most complete terror bird ever discovered, with more than 90% of the
skeleton exquisitely preserved. The new specimen also reveals details of
anatomy that rarely preserve in the fossil record, including the auditory
region of the skull, voice box, complete trachea, bones for focussing the eye,
and the complete palate, allowing an unprecedented understanding of the sensory
capabilities of these extinct predatory birds.

"The mean hearing estimated for this terror bird was below the average
for living birds," said Dr. Federico "Dino" Degrange, lead
author of the study from the Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra
(CICTERRA), CONICET and the Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina.
"This seems to indicate that Llallawavis may have had a narrow, low
vocalization frequency range, presumably used for intraspecific acoustic
communication or prey detection." This is the first time that the
structures which indicate hearing sensitivity have been reconstructed for any
terror bird, and they may help explain the evolution, behavior, and ecology of
this group of fossil birds.

Terror birds, or phorusracids as they are known scientifically, were
carnivorous flightless birds up to 3 meters (10 ft) in height with tall hooked
beaks. These birds were the predominant predators during the Cenozoic Age in
South America and certainly one of the most striking groups that lived during
that time. "The discovery of this new species provides new insights for
studying the anatomy and phylogeny of phorusrhacids and a better understanding
of this group's diversification," said Dr. Claudia Tambussi, also of
CICTERRA and one of the co-authors of the study. The new species stood 4 feet
tall and lived in Argentina approximately 3.5 million years ago in the Pliocene
Epoch, towards the end of the reign of the group.

"The discovery of this species reveals that terror birds were more
diverse in the Pliocene than previously thought. It will allow us to review the
hypothesis about the decline and extinction of this fascinating group of
birds" said Degrange.







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided by Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. Note: Materials may be edited
for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.    Federico J. Degrange, Claudia P.
Tambussi, Matías L. Taglioretti, Alejandro Dondas, Fernando Scaglia. A
new Mesembriornithinae (Aves, Phorusrhacidae) provides new insights into the
phylogeny and sensory capabilities of terror birds. Journal of
Vertebrate Paleontology, 2015; 35 (2): e912656 DOI:10.1080/02724634.2014.912656

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/04/150409182945.htm







areast-language:IN'>1.    Caroline Stremnitzer, Krisztina
Manzano-Szalai, Anna Willensdorfer, Philipp Starkl, Mario Pieper, Peter König,
Michael Mildner, Erwin Tschachler, Ursula Reichart, Erika Jensen-Jarolim. Papain
Degrades Tight Junction Proteins of Human Keratinocytes In Vitro and Sensitizes
C57BL/6 Mice via the Skin Independent of its Enzymatic Activity or TLR4
Activation. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 2015;
DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.58




http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/04/150410083304.htm

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