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Laporan pertama dari virus tanaman baru di Amerika Utara

Bukti mastrevirus baru , sementara bernama switchgrass mosaik terkait virus 1 , telah ditemukan oleh para peneliti . Anggota lain dari genus mastrevirus , sekelompok virus DNA , diketahui bertanggung jawab untuk decimating  hasil dari tanaman pangan pokok - termasuk jagung , gandum dan tebu - di seluruh Afrika , Eropa , Asia dan Australia . Ini belum pernah dilaporkan di Amerika Utara ....read more

First report of
a new crop virus in North America

Date:

April 9, 2015

Source:

Institute for Genomic
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Summary:

Evidence of the new
mastrevirus, tentatively named switchgrass mosaic-associated virus 1, has been
discovered by researchers. Other members of the mastrevirus genus, a group of
DNA viruses, are known to be responsible for decimating yields in staple food
crops -- including corn, wheat and sugarcane -- throughout Africa, Europe, Asia
and Australia. It has never been reported in North America.

......................

the switchgrass
exhibited mosaic symptoms--splotchy, discolored leaves--characteristic of a
viral infection, yet tested negative for known infections. Deep sequencing, a
new technology, revealed the plants were infected with a new virus in the genus
mastrevirus, the first of its kind found in North America.

University of Illinois scientists reported in Archives of Virology evidence
of the new mastrevirus, tentatively named switchgrass mosaic-associated virus 1
(SgMaV-1). Other members of the mastrevirus genus, a group of DNA viruses, are
known to be responsible for decimating yields in staple food crops (including
corn, wheat and sugarcane) throughout Africa, Europe, Asia and Australia. It
has never been reported in North America.

Many mastreviruses are transmitted from plant to plant by leafhoppers. The
rate of infection rises with leafhopper populations, which can cause widespread
epidemics and complete yield loss in some crops. Researchers are not sure what
vector transmits SgMaV-1 and the impacts of the virus on switchgrass biomass
yield, nor do they know what other crops the new virus affects.

"My fear is that this virus is in corn and wheat, and we are not even
aware of it," said first author Bright Agindotan, a former postdoctoral
researcher at the Energy Biosciences Institute, housed within the Carl R. Woese
Institute for Genomic Biology. "It's like when you are sick and go to the
hospital, but the doctors say nothing is wrong with you because they only test
for what they know."

To be considered the same species in the mastrevirus genus, two viruses
must share a minimum of 75 percent of the same genome. Agindotan and his team
found two virus isolates that shared 88 percent of the same genome, but just
56-57 percent of any other known mastrevirus. These two isolates are strains of
SgMaV-1.

Researchers tested 17 switchgrass varieties that had mosaic symptoms at the
EBI Energy Farm. They detected the new virus in all but one variety, called
Shenandoah. Switchgrass is a perennial crop, so these infected plants will
continue to grow and accumulate the virus year after year, serving as a
reservoir for the virus.

"We don't know the impact of this virus on the biomass yield of the
energy crops," said Agindotan, who is currently a research assistant
professor at Montana State University. "We don't know if this virus will
affect cereal crops. We don't know the specific leafhoppers that transmit it,
assuming it is transmitted by leafhoppers like other members of the mastrevirus
genus."

The mosaic symptoms may have been caused by SgMaV-1, another type of virus
infecting the plant, or some combination of the two. In future studies,
virus-free plants will need to be infected with SgMaV-1 to see which species
are vulnerable and what symptoms emerge. Additional research will determine
infectivity, host range, pathogenicity, epidemiology, and vector transmission
of SgMaV-1.

"The world is like a global village," Agindotan said.
"Plants are imported into United States legally (and illegally) after
being certified free of a list of restricted pests. The list is based on known
pests. So, it is possible to import plants infected with unknown pests. The
origin of the new virus is unknown, but it is most closely related to members
of the mastrevirus genus found in Australia.

"You can only test for what you know. Using a technology that detects
both known and unknown pathogens is a good tool for food safety."







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided by Institute for Genomic Biology,
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The original article was written by
Claire Sturgeon. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.    Bright O. Agindotan, Leslie L. Domier,
Carl A. Bradley. Detection and characterization of the first North
American mastrevirus in switchgrass.Archives of Virology, 2015;
DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2367-5

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/04/150409182953.htm

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