mamalia berbisa langka mendahului
kepunahan dinosaurus , studi menegaskan
Para peneliti telah men sequencing
genom mitokondria dari Solenodon langka , sebuah insectivore berbisa yang
menyimpang dari mamalia hidup lainnya 78 juta tahun yang lalu .
Date:
May 2, 2016
Source:
Carl R. Woese
Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Summary:
Ahli biologi telah benar-benar mengurutkan genom mitokondria untuk Solenodon Hispaniolan , mengisi cabang besar terakhir dari mamalia plasenta pada pohon kehidupan . Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa mamalia berbisa menyimpang dari semua mamalia hidup lainnya 78 juta tahun yang lalu , jauh sebelum sebuah asteroid memusnahkan dinosaurus .
............................
The University of Illinois and University of Puerto Rico have completely sequenced the mitochondrial genome for the Hispaniolan solenodon, filling in the last major branch of placental mammals on the tree of life.
University of Illinois dan University of Puerto Rico telah benar-benar mengurutkan genom mitokondria untuk Solenodon Hispaniolan , mengisi cabang besar terakhir dari mamalia plasenta pada pohon kehidupan .
Penelitian yang diterbitkan dalam mitokondria DNA , menegaskan bahwa mamalia berbisa menyimpang dari semua mamalia hidup lainnya 78 juta tahun yang lalu , jauh sebelum sebuah asteroid memusnahkan dinosaurus .
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Endangered
venomous mammal predates dinosaurs' extinction, study confirms
Researchers have sequenced the mitochondrial genome of the endangered
solenodon, a venomous insectivore that diverged from other living mammals 78
million years ago.
Date:
May 2, 2016
Source:
Carl R. Woese
Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Summary:
Biologists have completely sequenced the mitochondrial genome for the
Hispaniolan solenodon, filling in the last major branch of placental mammals on
the tree of life. The study confirmed that the venomous mammal diverged from
all other living mammals 78 million years ago, long before an asteroid wiped
out the dinosaurs.
............................
The University of Illinois and University of Puerto Rico have completely
sequenced the mitochondrial genome for the Hispaniolan solenodon,
filling in the last major branch of placental mammals on the tree of life.
The study, published in Mitochondrial DNA, confirmed that the
venomous mammal diverged from all other living mammals 78 million years ago,
long before an asteroid wiped out the dinosaurs.
"It's just impressive it's survived this long," said co-first
author Adam Brandt, a postdoctoral researcher at Illinois. "It survived
the asteroid; it survived human colonization and the rats and mice humans
brought with them that wiped out the solenodon's closest relatives."
The study also supports recent findings that the Dominican Republic
contains genetically distinct northern and southern populations that should be
conserved as separate sub-species. Furthermore, the study found that the
southern population has little diversity, whereas the northern population is
much more diverse.
An offspring's nuclear DNA is a mixture of genes from each parent while
mitochondrial DNA is passed directly from mother to offspring without changes,
creating a genetic record that researchers can use to trace back the lineage of
organisms.
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DNA keturunan nuclear adalah campuran gen dari setiap orangtua sementara DNA mitokondria diturunkan langsung dari ibu ke anak tanpa perubahan , menciptakan rekor genetik yang peneliti dapat digunakan untuk melacak kembali garis keturunan organisme .
Because solenodons are endangered, it is difficult to acquire DNA. Working
with colleagues at several universities in the Dominican Republic, UPR
Professor of Genetics Taras Oleksyk and his team collected samples by laying on
the ground and waiting for the solenodons to crawl across their bodies.
Brandt and co-first author Kirill Grigorev, a bioinformatician at the
Caribbean Genome Center, analyzed the samples using two different methods to
determine the sequence of nucleotides (building blocks that make up DNA) of the
solendon's mitochondrial genome. Independently, the two methods produced the
exact same results.
A previous study used a different set of genes to estimate that solenodons
diverged from mammals during the Cretaceous Period 76 million years ago.
Working with an expert at Texas A&M, this study used a very different
method but still established a similar estimate: 78 million years.
Interestingly, these two estimates align with a hypothesis regarding how
the solenodon came to inhabit the island of Hispaniola. Some geologists
speculate that the island was part of a volcanic arc connected to Mexico 75
million years ago and over time the arc has moved eastward.
Menariknya , dua perkiraan ini menyelaraskan dengan hipotesis tentang bagaimana Solenodon datang untuk menghuni pulau Hispaniola . Beberapa ahli geologi berspekulasi bahwa pulau itu adalah bagian dari busur vulkanik terhubung ke Meksiko 75 juta tahun yang lalu dan dari waktu ke waktu busur telah bergerak ke arah timur .
"Whether they got on the island when the West Indies ran into Mexico
75 million years ago, or whether they floated over on driftwood or whatever
else much later is not very clear," said lead researcher Alfred Roca, a
professor of animal sciences and member of the Carl R. Woese Institute for
Genomic Biology.
What they do know is that any close ancestors are long gone, and today's
solenodons are the only remnant of a very ancient group of mammals. While the
solenodon is venomous and resembles a "giant rat with Freddy Krueger
claws" (according to Roca), it evolved in the absence of carnivores.
Today, it is threatened by cats and dogs introduced by humans as well as
habitat loss.
The Dominican Republic made this study possible by supporting the
collection of samples.
Story Source:
The above post is reprinted from materials provided by Carl
R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Journal Reference:
1.
Adam L. Brandt, Kirill Grigorev, Yashira M. Afanador-Hernández, Liz A.
Paulino, William J. Murphy, Adrell Núñez, Aleksey Komissarov, Jessica R.
Brandt, Pavel Dobrynin, J. David Hernández-Martich, Roberto María, Stephen J.
O’Brien, Luis E. Rodríguez, Juan C. Martínez-Cruzado, Taras K. Oleksyk, Alfred
L. Roca. Mitogenomic sequences support a north–south subspecies
subdivision withinSolenodon paradoxus. Mitochondrial DNA Part A,
2016; 1 DOI:10.3109/24701394.2016.1167891
Sumber :