konsentrasi etana global yang naik lagi
penurunan stabil emisi etana berikut puncaknya pada tahun 1970-an berakhir antara tahun 2005-2010
Date:
June 14, 2016
Source:
University of Colorado at Boulder
Summary:
emisi global etana , gas polutan udara dan rumah kaca , yang uptick lagi , menurut sebuah studi baru . Sampel udara untuk penelitian ini dikumpulkan dari lebih dari 40 situs di seluruh dunia , dari Colorado dan Greenland ke Jerman , Swiss , Selandia Baru dan wilayah kutub bumi .
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emisi global etana , gas polutan udara dan rumah kaca , yang uptick lagi , menurut sebuah studi baru yang dipimpin oleh University of Colorado Boulder .
Tim menemukan bahwa penurunan mantap emisi etana global menyusul puncaknya pada sekitar tahun 1970 berakhir antara tahun 2005 dan 2010 di sebagian besar belahan bumi utara dan sejak terbalik , kata CU - Boulder Research Associate Professor Detlev Helmig , penulis utama studi . Antara 2009 dan 2014, emisi etana di belahan bumi utara meningkat sekitar 400.000 ton per tahun , sebagian besar dari kegiatan minyak dan gas Amerika Utara , katanya .
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Global ethane concentrations rising again, says study
Steady decline of ethane emissions following peak in 1970s ended
between 2005-2010
Date:
June 14, 2016
Source:
University of Colorado at Boulder
Summary:
Global emissions of
ethane, an air pollutant and greenhouse gas, are on the uptick again, according
to a new study. The air samples for the study were collected from more than 40
sites around the world, from Colorado and Greenland to Germany, Switzerland,
New Zealand and Earth's polar regions.
...............................
Global emissions of ethane, an air
pollutant and greenhouse gas, are on the uptick again, according to a new study
led by the University of Colorado Boulder.
The team found that a
steady decline of global ethane emissions following a peak in about 1970 ended
between 2005 and 2010 in most of the Northern Hemisphere and has since
reversed, said CU-Boulder Associate Research Professor Detlev Helmig, lead
study author. Between 2009 and 2014, ethane emissions in the Northern
Hemisphere increased by about 400,000 tons annually, the bulk of it from North
American oil and gas activity, he said.
The decline of ethane and
other non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) starting around 1970 is believed to be
primarily due to better emission controls, said Helmig. The controls resulted
in reduced emissions from oil and gas production, storage and distribution, as
well as combustion exhaust from cars and trucks.
"About 60 percent of
the drop we saw in ethane levels over the past 40 years has already been made
up in the past five years," said Helmig. "If this rate continues, we
are on track to return to the maximum ethane levels we saw in the 1970s in only
about three more years. We rarely see changes in atmospheric gases that quickly
or dramatically."
Ethane, propane and a host
of other NMHCs are released naturally by the seepage of fossil carbon deposits,
volcanic activity and wildfires, said Helmig. But human activities, which also
include biomass burning and industrial use, constitute the most dominant source
of the NMHCs worldwide.
"These human sources
make up roughly three-quarters of the atmospheric ethane that is being
emitted," said Helmig.
The air samples for the
study were collected from more than 40 sites around the world, from Colorado
and Greenland to Germany, Switzerland, New Zealand and Earth's polar regions.
More than 30,000 soda bottle-sized air containers were sampled at the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Earth Systems Research
Laboratory (ESRL) in Boulder over the past decade.
The study also showed that
among the air sampling locations around the world, the largest increases in
ethane and shorter-lived propane were seen over the central and eastern United
States, areas of heavy oil and gas activity, said Helmig.
"We concluded that
added emissions from U.S. oil and gas drilling have been the primary source for
the atmospheric ethane trend reversal," he said.
The study, published in Nature
Geoscience, also indicated that emissions of total NMHC in the
Northern Hemisphere are now increasing by roughly 1.2 million tons annually.
The findings from the flask
network, which INSTAAR and NOAA have been operating for more than 10 years,
were supported by additional measurements showing very similar ethane behavior
from a number of continuous global monitoring sites, he said.
A component of natural gas,
ethane plays an important role in Earth's atmosphere. As it breaks down near
Earth's surface it can create ground-based ozone pollution, a health and
environmental risk.
Chemical models by the team
show that the increase in ethane and other associated hydrocarbons will likely
cause additional ground-based ozone production, particularly in the summer
months, he said.
"Ethane is the second
most significant hydrocarbon emitted from oil and gas after methane," said
Helmig. "Other studies show on average there is about 10 times as much
methane being emitted by the oil and gas industry as ethane."
"There is high
interest by scientists in methane since it is a strong greenhouse gas,"
said Helmig. The new findings on ethane increases indicate there should be more
research on associated methane emissions.
Story Source:
The above post is reprinted
from materials provided
byUniversity of Colorado at Boulder. Note:
Materials may be edited for content and length.
Journal Reference:
1. Detlev Helmig,
Samuel Rossabi, Jacques Hueber, Pieter Tans, Stephen A. Montzka, Ken Masarie,
Kirk Thoning, Christian Plass-Duelmer, Anja Claude, Lucy J. Carpenter, Alastair
C. Lewis, Shalini Punjabi, Stefan Reimann, Martin K. Vollmer, Rainer
Steinbrecher, James W. Hannigan, Louisa K. Emmons, Emmanuel Mahieu, Bruno
Franco, Dan Smale, Andrea Pozzer. Reversal of global atmospheric
ethane and propane trends largely due to US oil and natural gas production. Nature
Geoscience, 2016; DOI:10.1038/ngeo2721