Perbedaan
respon kekebalan individu terkait dengan efektivitas vaksin flu
Date:
May 17, 2016
Source:
British Society For Immunology
Summary:
Untuk pertama kalinya , para ilmuwan telah mengidentifikasi bagaimana perbedaan dalam respon kekebalan individu mungkin terkait dengan efektivitas program vaksinasi influenza musiman .
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Untuk pertama kalinya , para ilmuwan telah mengidentifikasi bagaimana perbedaan dalam respon kekebalan individu mungkin terkait dengan efektivitas program vaksinasi influenza musiman . Temuan ini diterbitkan dalam jurnal , Immunology .
Ada bukti yang baik bahwa vaksinasi flu berbeda dalam efektivitas antara individu ; hal ini disebabkan sejumlah faktor , salah satunya adalah usia - sistem kekebalan tubuh orang umumnya menjadi kurang efektif karena mereka lebih tua . Namun , sampai saat ini , kami tidak memiliki metode yang memungkinkan kita untuk memprediksi variasi ini antara individu dan yang akan dan tidak akan merespon secara optimal terhadap vaksin . Hal ini penting karena orang-orang yang menghasilkan respon yang tepat untuk vaksin flu lebih mungkin untuk mendapatkan keuntungan dari perlindungan dan kurang mungkin untuk kontrak flu .
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Differences in
individuals' immune responses linked to flu vaccine effectiveness
Date:
May 17, 2016
Source:
British Society For Immunology
Summary:
For the first time,
scientists have identified how differences in individuals' immune responses
might be linked to the effectiveness of the seasonal influenza vaccination
program.
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For the first time, scientists have identified how differences in
individuals' immune responses might be linked to the effectiveness of the
seasonal influenza vaccination programme. The findings are published in the
journal, Immunology.
There is good evidence
that flu vaccination differs in effectiveness between individuals; this is due
to a number of factors, one of which is age -- people's immune system generally
become less effective as they get older. However, to date, we don't have a
method that allows us to predict this variation amongst individuals and who
will and won't respond optimally to the vaccine. This matters because people
who produce an appropriate response to the flu vaccine are more likely to
benefit from its protection and less likely to contract flu.
In this study,
researchers, led by Dr Gregory Poland and Dr Richard Kennedy from the Mayo
Clinic, set out to examine how differences in specific types of immune cells
correlate with an individual's immune response to the seasonal flu vaccine.
They gave the seasonal influenza vaccine to 159 people aged from 50-74 years.
They took blood samples from these people prior to vaccination and again at day
3 and day 28 post-vaccination. These samples were analysed using flow cytometry
to work out the relative levels of different types of immune cell at each time
point. The researchers also investigated how much immunity to the flu virus
each person showed at day 28 by assessing the number of antibodies and B cells
(which make antibodies) present against the flu strains they had been
vaccinated against -- higher levels meant an increased immune response and
better immunity against the flu virus.
They found that
individuals differed significantly in their responses to the flu vaccine and in
how effective it proved to be; these differences were correlated with a number
of immune cell parameters. People who had a better antibody response to the
vaccine after 28 days had higher levels of HLA-DR (a cell surface protein which
is a marker for immune stimulation) on a specialised type of dendritic cells, a
key cell responsible for co-ordinating immune responses. Prior to vaccination,
these people also had more B cells in their blood, with more CD86 (a cell surface
protein that allows the immune system to be activated quickly in response to a
threat).
These results show
that individuals do exhibit meaningful differences in how their immune systems
respond to vaccination against seasonal flu, which correlate to the level of
immunity they show against flu after vaccination. Understanding more about how
immune system function and response differs on an individual level will improve
our ability to design and create more effective vaccines.
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Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa individu menunjukkan perbedaan yang berarti dalam bagaimana sistem kekebalan tubuh mereka menanggapi vaksinasi terhadap flu musiman , yang berkorelasi dengan tingkat kekebalan mereka menunjukkan melawan flu setelah vaksinasi . Memahami lebih lanjut tentang bagaimana kekebalan fungsi sistem dan respon berbeda pada tingkat individu akan meningkatkan kemampuan kita untuk merancang dan membuat vaksin yang lebih efektif .
Researcher Dr Gregory
Poland from the Mayo Clinic, Rochester said, "Flu vaccination is an
important tool in helping us prevent people getting ill from flu, particularly
those who are at risk of additional complications such as older people and
those with chronic health conditions. However, we've known for a while that
individuals respond differently to the flu vaccine but we don't know why this
is.
"Our research
identifies key parameters within the immune system that people who show a good
response to the flu vaccine exhibit. This information is important as it allows
us to understand why some people might gain better immunity against flu from
having the vaccine compared to others. However, we now need to examine the
relationship between these factors in more detail to ensure we fully understand
how these factors are linked. Ultimately, we hope that increasing our
understanding of how the immune system functions at a cellular level will allow
us to develop more effective vaccines, protecting the public from preventable
diseases."
Story Source:
The above post is
reprinted from materials provided by British Society For Immunology. Note: Materials may be edited
for content and length.
Journal Reference:
1.
Richard B. Kennedy, Whitney L. Simon, Michael J. Gibson, Krista M. Goergen,
Diane E. Grill, Ann L. Oberg, Gregory A. Poland. The composition of
immune cells serves as a predictor of adaptive immunity in a cohort of 50- to
74-year-old adults. Immunology, 2016; DOI:10.1111/imm.12599