polusi
timbal mengungkapkan sejarah kuno Naples
Date:
May 16, 2016
Source:
CNRS
Summary:
Hampir dua ribu tahun setelah letusan Vesuvius yang menghancurkan Pompeii dan Herculaneum, periode tertentu dari sejarah Naples baru saja direkonstruksi. Sampai saat ini, sejarawan dan arkeolog bertanya-tanya tentang dampak dari letusan gunung berapi ini pada saluran air Aqua Augusta yang disediakan Naples dan kota-kota tetangga dengan air. analisis geokimia baru-baru ini telah memungkinkan untuk langsung menghubungkan di pipa air dari periode dengan yang terperangkap dalam sedimen dari pelabuhan tua Naples.
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Hampir dua ribu tahun setelah letusan Vesuvius yang menghancurkan Pompeii dan Herculaneum, periode tertentu dari sejarah Naples baru saja direkonstruksi. Sampai saat ini, sejarawan dan arkeolog bertanya-tanya tentang dampak dari letusan gunung berapi ini pada saluran air Aqua Augusta yang disediakan Naples dan kota-kota tetangga dengan air. analisis geokimia baru-baru ini telah memungkinkan untuk langsung menghubungkan di pipa air dari periode dengan yang terperangkap dalam sedimen dari pelabuhan tua Naples. Hasil jelas menunjukkan bahwa jaringan hidrolik telah dihancurkan oleh letusan Vesuvius di AD 79 dan butuh waktu sekitar lima belas tahun untuk menggantikannya.
Temuan ini adalah subjek dari sebuah artikel yang diterbitkan dalam jurnal PNAS pada 16 Mei 2016 oleh Archéorient laboratorium - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien (CNRS / Université Lumière Lyon 2) [1] dan Laboratoire de géologie de Lyon: Terre , Planetes et environnement (CNRS / ENS Lyon / Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), bekerja sama dengan University of Glasgow, University of Southampton dan Universita 'degli Studi di Napoli Federico II [2].
Selama pembangunan jalur bawah tanah baru, penggalian arkeologi yang dilakukan di daerah kuno, pelabuhan lama terkubur dari Naples. Mereka memungkinkan untuk mempelajari deposit tebal enam meter dari lapisan sedimen terakumulasi di pelabuhan selama berabad-abad. Analisis geokimia deposito sedimen ini menunjukkan bahwa air dari pelabuhan telah terkontaminasi selama enam pertama abad AD dengan dari sistem sirkulasi air dari Napoli dan kota-kota tetangga, yang merupakan komponen utama dari pipa air, dilarutkan ke dalam air dan menyebar ke air mancur dan poin pasokan sebelum akhirnya berlari ke pelabuhan. Mempelajari komposisi isotop elemen ini, yaitu, proporsi memimpin isotop yang berbeda [3] dalam sedimen memungkinkan untuk menelusuri kembali peristiwa yang terjadi dua ribu tahun yang lalu.
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Lead pollution
reveals the ancient history of Naples
Date:
May 16, 2016
Source:
CNRS
Summary:
Almost two thousand
years after the eruption of Vesuvius that destroyed Pompeii and Herculaneum,
certain periods of the history of Naples have just been reconstructed. Until
now, historians and archaeologists had wondered about the impact of this
volcanic eruption on the Aqua Augusta aqueduct which supplied Naples and
neighboring cities with water. Recent geochemical analyses have made it
possible to directly link the lead in the water pipes of the period with that
trapped in the sediments of the old port of Naples.
................
Almost two thousand years after the eruption of Vesuvius that destroyed
Pompeii and Herculaneum, certain periods of the history of Naples have just
been reconstructed. Until now, historians and archaeologists had wondered about
the impact of this volcanic eruption on the Aqua Augusta aqueduct which
supplied Naples and neighboring cities with water. Recent geochemical analyses
have made it possible to directly link the lead in the water pipes of the
period with that trapped in the sediments of the old port of Naples. Results
clearly show that the hydraulic network had been destroyed by the eruption of
Vesuvius in AD 79 and that it took around fifteen years to replace it.
These findings are the
subject of an article published in the journal PNAS on May 16 2016 by the
laboratory Archéorient -- environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien
(CNRS/Université Lumière Lyon 2)[1] and Laboratoire de géologie de Lyon: Terre,
planètes et environnement (CNRS/ENS Lyon/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), in
collaboration with University of Glasgow, University of Southampton and
Universita' degli Studi di Napoli Federico II[2].
During the
construction of a new underground line, archaeological excavations were carried
out in the ancient, long-buried port of Naples. They made it possible to study
a six-meter thick deposit of sediment layers accumulated in the port over
centuries. The geochemical analyses of these sedimentary deposits showed that
the water of the port had been contaminated over the first six centuries AD
with lead from the water circulation system of Naples and neighboring towns.
This lead, which was the main component of the water pipes, dissolved into the
water and spread into fountains and supply points before finally running into
the port. Studying the isotopic composition of this element, i.e., the
proportion of different lead isotopes[3] in the sediments makes it possible to
retrace events that took place two thousand years ago.
The analyses mainly
revealed two distinct lead isotopes, before and after the eruption of Vesuvius
in 79 AD. They prove that the vast water supply system of the bay of Naples was
destroyed by the volcanic eruption and reconstructed using lead from one or
more different mining areas. This sudden change in the lead signal, which
occurred about fifteen years after the eruption, suggests that the Romans
repaired the aqueduct and water pipes over a relatively short period of time.
This study also helps
reconstruct the different phases of Naples' urban development in the 1st to 5th
centuries AD. Lead is increasingly present in the sediments, suggesting an
expansion of the hydraulic network or its intensification in the areas already
supplied. From the beginning of the 5th century, however, the sediments are
less contaminated, revealing that the water supply suffered further damage from
barbarian invasions (the aqueduct was seized so as to cut off the town's water
supply), new eruptions of Vesuvius in 472 and 512, epidemics or the city's
economic and administrative collapse.
This interpretation of
metal pollution in ancient port sediments, which makes it possible to retrace
the history of a region, could be applied to other civilizations and
geographical areas. In ongoing debates about the Anthropocene, this approach
could provide new perspectives on the dynamics of human footprint on the
environment.
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Penafsiran pencemaran logam di sedimen
pelabuhan kuno , yang memungkinkan untuk menelusuri sejarah suatu daerah ,
dapat diterapkan pada peradaban lain dan wilayah geografis . Dalam perdebatan
yang sedang berlangsung tentang Anthropocene , pendekatan ini dapat memberikan
perspektif baru pada dinamika jejak kaki manusia pada lingkungan .
[1] This laboratory is
part of the Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée Jean Pouilloux, a research
federation on ancient societies
[2] This work received
logistic support from Soprintendenza Speciale per I Beni Archeologici di Napoli
e Pompei and financial support through the ANR Jeune Chercheur program and the
European Research Council ("Rome's Mediterranean Ports" program --
339123).
[3] A chemical element
can exist in different forms known as isotopes, which differ in their nuclear
mass.
Story Source:
The above post is reprinted
from materials provided by CNRS.Note: Materials may be edited for
content and length.
Journal Reference:
1.
Hugo Delile, Duncan Keenan-Jones, Janne Blichert-Toft, Jean-Philippe
Goiran, Florent Arnaud-Godet, Paola Romano, Francis Albarède. A lead
isotope perspective on urban development in ancient Naples. PNAS,
16 May 2016 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1600893113