Survival of the fittest sperma : Bagaimana teknologi baru dapat membantu pasangan tidak subur
Date:
June 16, 2016
Source:
Florida Atlantic University
Summary:
Dari jutaan sperma yang masuk vagina, hanya sekitar 10 sampai ke sel telur, menunjukkan bagaimana ketat proses seleksi sperma di alam sebenarnya. Jadi bagaimana mungkin untuk memilih hanya sperma yang terbaik untuk teknologi reproduksi yang dibantu seperti fertilisasi in vitro? Itulah tujuan peneliti bertujuan untuk melakukan dengan perangkat baru yang cepat, mudah dan biaya efektif memilih sperma sehat tanpa menyebabkan kerusakan DNA.
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Kompetisi sengit dan hanya yang terkuat bertahan rintangan dalam saluran reproduksi wanita. Dari jutaan sperma yang masuk vagina, hanya sekitar 10 atau lebih ke oosit atau sel telur, menunjukkan bagaimana ketat proses seleksi sperma di alam sebenarnya. Jadi bagaimana mungkin untuk memilih hanya sperma yang terbaik untuk teknologi reproduksi yang dibantu seperti fertilisasi in vitro? Itulah yang seorang peneliti di Florida Atlantic University bertujuan untuk melakukannya dengan teknologi mikofluida nya untuk pengobatan reproduksi.
Di seluruh dunia, hampir 48,5 juta pasangan telah mampu untuk memiliki anak setelah mencoba selama lima tahun atau lebih. Sementara fertilisasi in vitro, inseminasi intrauterine, dan injeksi sperma intracytoplasmic telah menjadi pilihan pengobatan yang efektif untuk pasangan infertil, hanya sekitar sepertiga dari metode ini menghasilkan kelahiran hidup.
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Survival of the
fittest sperm: How new technology may help infertile couples
Date:
June 16, 2016
Source:
Florida Atlantic University
Summary:
Of the millions of
sperm that enter the vagina, only about 10 make it to the egg, demonstrating
how rigorous the natural sperm selection process really is. So how is it
possible to select only the best sperm for assisted reproductive technologies
like in vitro fertilization? That's what a researcher is aiming to do with a
new device that can quickly, easily and cost effectively select the healthiest
sperm without causing DNA damage.
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The competition is fierce and only the
strongest survive the obstacle course within the female reproductive tract. Of
the millions of sperm that enter the vagina, only about 10 or so make it to the
oocyte or egg, demonstrating how rigorous the natural sperm selection process
really is. So how is it possible to select only the best sperm for assisted
reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization? That's what a
researcher at Florida Atlantic University is aiming to do with his microfluidic
technology for reproductive medicine.
Worldwide, nearly 48.5
million couples have been unable to have a child after trying for five years or
more. While in vitro fertilization, intrauterine insemination, and
intracytoplasmic sperm injection have been effective treatment options for
infertile couples, only about one-third of these methods result in live births.
Male infertility accounts
for about 30 to 50 percent of all infertility cases, and infertile men tend to
have abnormal sperm characteristics such as low sperm concentration, poor sperm
movement, abnormal shape and size, and high levels of damage to the DNA.
"DNA damage is one of
the more important characteristics of sperm, because higher levels of damage
are associated with lower pregnancy rates, early loss of pregnancy, and
increased disease rates of offspring who are conceived through assisted reproductive
technologies," said Waseem Asghar, Ph.D., assistant professor in the
Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and the
Department of Biological Sciences at FAU. "That's why it is so important
to develop methods to select the healthiest sperm for assisted reproductive
technologies."
The most commonly used or
conventional method for assisted reproductive technologies involves a technique
called centrifugation. This technique spins the sperm samples around quickly,
and at the end, the most motile sperm are used for reproductive medicine.
Although this method is efficient at selecting motile and morphologically
normal sperm, the process is problematic because it tends to increase levels of
certain chemicals that cause DNA damage. This technique also is less efficient
at selecting mature sperm or getting rid of sperm that are near death.
There are alternatives to
centrifugation such as microfluidic technology, which has been widely studied
for various applications in biological and chemical analysis, point-of-care
testing and diagnostics, and clinical analysis. Asghar is currently working on
developing easy-to-use and inexpensive sperm sorting devices that have
applications in intrauterine insemination, intracytoplasmic sperm injection,
and in vitro fertilization.
"Microfluidic based
technologies have surfaced as a novel substitute to conventional methods that
use centrifugation," said Asghar. "These are devices that use small
volumes of fluid, can enable more control to precisely sort cells within small
volumes, and are created to mimic what happens naturally in the female genital
tract. Sperm sorting methodologies based on microfluidic procedures are a
valuable option since these techniques eliminate the damaging centrifugation steps."
Asghar's device consists of
one inlet for the injection of a raw unprocessed semen sample and two plastic
chambers separated by porous membrane. The most healthy and motile sperm swim
through the porous membrane leaving behind less functional and dead sperm in
the bottom chamber. Using this sorting technology, a technician just has to
inject the semen sample into the device and can then collect healthy sperm from
the top chamber in about 30 minutes, making it very easy to use.
Prior studies of microfluidic
devices have shown that motility of the sperm sample increased to almost 100
percent and morphology of the isolated sperm also was improved after
microfluidic sorting. And compared to other techniques used for assisted
reproductive technologies, the use of the microfluidic device resulted in
significantly lower rates of DNA damage and improved sperm recovery using this
method.
"Sperm separation
techniques should be quick, easy, low-cost, and have the ability to select
motile and morphologically normal sperm while decreasing damage done to sperm
DNA," said Asghar. "Since centrifugation tends to increase DNA
damage, it should be avoided. Future studies should focus on creating sperm
selection devices that can improve pregnancy outcomes and reduce birth defects."
Story Source:
The above post is reprinted
from materials provided
by Florida Atlantic University. Note:
Materials may be edited for content and length.
Journal Reference:
1. Kari L. Rappa,
Harold F. Rodriguez, Gloria C. Hakkarainen, Raymond M. Anchan, George L.
Mutter, Waseem Asghar.Sperm
processing for advanced reproductive technologies: Where are we today? Biotechnology
Advances, 2016; DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.01.007