tempat
pemakaman menunjukkan bagaimana Nubia , masyarakat Mesir terintegrasi ribuan tahun yang lalu
Date:
May 18, 2016
Source:
Purdue University
Summary:
Bukti bioarchaeological baru menunjukkan bahwa Nubia dan Mesir diintegrasikan ke dalam masyarakat, dan bahkan menikah, di Sudan kuno, menurut penelitian baru dari seorang antropolog.
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Bukti bioarchaeological baru menunjukkan bahwa Nubia dan Mesir diintegrasikan ke dalam masyarakat, dan bahkan menikah, di Sudan kuno, menurut penelitian baru dari seorang antropolog Universitas Purdue.
"Tidak banyak situs arkeologi untuk periode ini, jadi kami belum tahu apa yang orang lakukan atau apa yang terjadi pada masyarakat ini ketika orang Mesir mengundurkan diri," kata Michele Buzon, seorang profesor antropologi, yang menggali situs pemakaman Nubian di Lembah Sungai Nil untuk lebih memahami hubungan antara Nubia dan Mesir selama Kerajaan Baru Empire.
Temuan ini diterbitkan di American Anthropologist, dan pekerjaan ini telah didanai oleh the National Science Foundation and the National Geographic Society's Committee for Research and Exploration. Buzon juga berkolaborasi dengan Stuart Tyson Smith dari University of California, Santa Barbara, pada proyek yang dipimpin UCSB-Purdue ini. Antonio Simonetti dari University of Notre Dame juga merupakan rekan penulis studi.
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Burial sites
show how Nubians, Egyptians integrated communities thousands of years ago
Date:
May 18, 2016
Source:
Purdue University
Summary:
New bioarchaeological
evidence shows that Nubians and Egyptians integrated into a community, and even
married, in ancient Sudan, according to new research from an anthropologist.
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New bioarchaeological evidence shows that Nubians and Egyptians integrated
into a community, and even married, in ancient Sudan, according to new research
from a Purdue University anthropologist.
"There are not
many archaeological sites that date to this time period, so we have not known
what people were doing or what happened to these communities when the Egyptians
withdrew," said Michele Buzon, an associate professor of anthropology, who
is excavating Nubian burial sites in the Nile River Valley to better understand
the relationship between Nubians and Egyptians during the New Kingdom Empire.
The findings are
published in American Anthropologist, and this work has been funded
by the National Science Foundation and the National Geographic Society's
Committee for Research and Exploration. Buzon also collaborated with Stuart
Tyson Smith from the University of California, Santa Barbara, on this
UCSB-Purdue led project. Antonio Simonetti from the University of Notre Dame
also is a study co-author.
Egyptians colonized
the area in 1500 BCE to gain access to trade routes on the Nile River. This is
known as the New Kingdom Empire, and most research focuses on the Egyptians and
their legacy.
"It's been presumed
that Nubians absorbed Egyptian cultural features because they had to, but we
found cultural entanglement ? that there was a new identity that combined
aspects of their Nubian and Egyptian heritages. And based on biological and
isotopic features, we believe they were interacting, intermarrying and
eventually becoming a community of Egyptians and Nubians," said Buzon, who
just returned from the excavation site.
During the New Kingdom
Period, from about 1400-1050 BCE, Egyptians ruled Tombos in the Nile River
Valley's Nubian Desert in the far north of Sudan. In about 1050 BCE, the
Egyptians lost power during the Third Intermediate Period. At the end of this
period, Nubia gained power again and defeated Egypt to rule as the 25th
dynasty.
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Selama Periode Pemerintahan Baru , dari sekitar
1400-1050 SM , Mesir diperintah Tombos di Nubian Desert di Lembah Sungai Nil di ujung
utara Sudan . Pada sekitar 1050 SM , orang Mesir kehilangan kekuasaan selama
Periode Menengah Ketiga . Pada akhir periode ini , Nubia mendapatkan kekuasaan
lagi dan mengalahkan Mesir dan memerintah sebagai
dinasti ke-25
"We now have a
sense of what happened when the New Kingdom Empire fell apart, and while there
had been assumptions that Nubia didn't function very well without the Egyptian
administration, the evidence from our site says otherwise," said Buzon,
who has been working at this site since 2000, focusing on the burial features
and skeletal health analysis. "We found that Tombos continued to be a
prosperous community. We have the continuation of an Egyptian Nubian community
that is successful even when Egypt is playing no political role there
anymore."
Human remains and
burial practices from 24 units were analyzed for this study.
The tombs, known as
tumulus graves, show how the cultures merged. The tombs' physical structure,
which are mounded, round graves with stones and a shaft underneath, reflect
Nubian culture.
"They are Nubian
in superstructure, but inside the tombs reflect Egyptian cultural features,
such as the way the body is positioned," Buzon said. "Egyptians are
buried in an extended position; on their back with their arms and legs extended.
Nubians are generally on their side with their arms and legs flexed. We found
some that combine a mixture of traditions. For instance, bodies were placed on
a wooden bed, a Nubian tradition, and then placed in an Egyptian pose in an
Egyptian coffin."
Skeletal markers also
supported that the two cultures merged.
"This community
developed over a few hundred years and people living there were the descendants
of that community that started with Egyptian immigrants and local
Nubians," Buzon said. "They weren't living separately at same site,
but living together in the community."
Story Source:
The above post is
reprinted from materials provided by Purdue University. The original item was written by Amy
Patterson Neubert. Note: Materials may be edited for content and
length.
Journal Reference:
1.
Michele R. Buzon, Stuart Tyson Smith, Antonio Simonetti.Entanglement and
the Formation of the Ancient Nubian Napatan State. American
Anthropologist, 2016; DOI: 10.1111/aman.12524