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Kelelawar bangun dan mencium bau kopi
Date:
August 19, 2015
Source:
University of Leeds
Summary:
Pertanian intensif adalah mengambil “a toll” pada kelelawar di Ghats Barat India , salah satu wilayah yang paling banyak keanekaragaman hayati di dunia, tapi naungan kopi, patch hutan hujan dan strip vegetasi sungai dapat membantu spesies berjuang untuk bertahan ,penemuan para peneliti .
......... Profesor John Altringham , dari University of Leeds ' Fakultas Ilmu Biologi , mengatakan mereka menemukan beberapa spesies yang mengalami kesulitan dalam lanskap yang berubah - tetapi juga menemukan tanda-tanda harapan bahwa sisa fragmen hutan dan pertanian ramah-hutan bisa menawarkan garis hidup ...........more
Bats wake up and smell the coffee
Date:
August 19, 2015
Source:
University of Leeds
Summary:
Intensive agriculture is taking a toll
on bats in the Western Ghats of India, one of the world's most biodiverse
regions, but shade-grown coffee, remnant rainforest patches and riverine
vegetation strips may help struggling species hang on, researchers have found.
........................
A team from the University of Leeds, UK,
National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore and Nature Conservation Foundation,
Mysore, surveyed bats in the southern Western Ghats, in the first detailed
study of the impact of rainforest fragmentation and plantations on bats.
Professor John Altringham, of the
University of Leeds' Faculty of Biological Sciences, said they found several
species were having difficulty in the transformed landscape -- but also found
hopeful signs that remaining forest fragments and wildlife-friendly agriculture
could offer a lifeline.
Professor Altringham said: "The
Western Ghats region is the eighth most biodiverse place in the world but has
the highest human population of any of the biodiversity hotspots.
"Historical land use change and
development has left only 6% of the original habitat in the region. By looking
at bats--which are excellent bioindicators--we are able to learn not only what
these changes in the environment mean for bats, but also for wildlife in
general."
The team, who publish their findings in
the journal Biological Conservation, used geographic information
system (GIS) computer modelling to look at the relationships between the
presence of 10 different bat species and the features of the habitats in which
they were found.
The bats were located by a combination
of capture and recording of echolocation calls. The researchers used the
information gathered over three years to build 'habitat suitability models', to
predict what areas would be good habitat for each species across the entire
study area.
Dr Claire Wordley, the lead researcher
at Leeds on the study, said: "Most species preferred forest fragments and
the rivers associated with them. No species favoured tea plantations, though a
number could make use of them. Two of the bat species we studied, the lesser
woolly horseshoe bat and the lesser false vampire bat, were never seen in tea
plantations.
"Further deforestation would be a
serious threat to these species, but the good news is that they are, for the
moment, surviving in small forest patches, riverine habitats and in coffee
plantations.
"One of the most hopeful findings
was that shade-grown coffee plantations--in which arabica coffee is grown under
a canopy of native tree species -- had bat communities almost as rich as forest
patches. They are serving as refuges for biodiversity in the landscape -- both
the lesser woolly horseshoe bat and the lesser false vampire bat were found in
these shade-grown plantations."
Two coffee species dominate the global
coffee market: Coffea arabica, which is generally preferred for its taste, and
the more robust Coffea canephora (robusta). Both types are cultivated in the
Western Ghats, but it is only arabica that is grown in the shade of native
rainforest trees, where the slow maturation of the beans produces the rich and
complex flavours of the best coffees.
"These shade-grown plantations keep
the native forest canopy but replace the lower layers of vegetation with
coffee. The coffee bushes grow really big and when you walk through these
plantations the richness of the wildlife is obvious -- you see monkeys, Indian
bison and elephants. We found that they were a really important stronghold for
bat species, not quite as good as the forest patches but much better than the
tea," Dr Wordley added.
Professor Altringham continued: "If
bats and other wildlife are to thrive in the Ghats, a careful balance of land
use is necessary. Remnant forest patches and shade-grown coffee act as refuges
for wildlife, which can then, to some extent, make use of tea plantations and
other agricultural areas. In the tea plantations that keep forest patches on
their land, especially along rivers, many bat species can thrive.
"The work of the Nature
Conservation Foundation to restore and extend these refuges, and encourage the
planting of native trees elsewhere in the landscape, is excellent news for
wildlife. The retention of native trees in forest patches, along rivers and use
of native species of trees for shade in coffee and tea plantations also
prevents soil erosion, reduces the risk of landslides and enriches the soil,
benefitting people as well as biodiversity."
Story Source:
The above post is reprinted from materials provided byUniversity of Leeds. Note: Materials may be edited for content
and length.
Journal Reference:
1.
C. Wordley et al. Landscape
scale habitat suitability modelling of bats in the Western Ghats of India: bats
like something in their tea. Biological Conservation, August
2015
