Penghijauan
Arctic : Dampak perubahan iklim
Date:
June 2, 2016
Source:
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center
Summary:
Bagian utara dari Amerika Utara semakin hijau, menurut sebuah studi yang menyediakan tampilan yang paling rinci namun pada tanaman hidup di Alaska dan Kanada. Dalam iklim yang berubah, hampir sepertiga dari tutupan lahan - banyak dari itu Arctic tundra - yang tampak lebih seperti lanskap yang ditemukan di ekosistem hangat.
........................
Bagian utara dari Amerika Utara semakin hijau, menurut sebuah studi NASA yang menyediakan tampilan yang paling rinci namun pada tanaman hidup di Alaska dan Kanada. Dalam iklim yang berubah, hampir sepertiga dari tutupan lahan - banyak dari itu Arctic tundra - yang tampak lebih seperti lanskap yang ditemukan di ekosistem hangat.
Dengan 87.000 gambar yang diambil dari satelit Landsat, diubah menjadi data yang mencerminkan jumlah vegetasi yang sehat di tanah, para peneliti menemukan bahwa Alaska barat, Quebec dan wilayah lainnya menjadi lebih hijau antara tahun 1984 dan 2012. Studi Landsat baru lebih mendukung pekerjaan sebelumnya yang memiliki tampilan mengubah vegetasi di Kutub Utara dan boreal Amerika Utara.
Landsat merupakan gabungan NASA / AS. Program Survey geologi yang menyediakan catatan ruang berbasis terpanjang terus menerus untuk vegetasi lahan bumi yang ada.
............................
SILAHKAN MENGGUNAKAN
" MESIN TRANSLATE "..GOOGLE TRANSLATE
DISAMPING KANAN INI.............
PLEASE USE ........ "TRANSLATE MACHINE" .. GOOGLE TRANSLATE BESIDE RIGHT THIS
.................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
T-REC -TUGUMUDA REPTILES COMMUNITY-INDONESIA
More info :
www.trecsemarang2011.blogspot.com
minat gabung : ( menerima keanggotaan seluruh kota dan daerah di Indonesia )
08995557626
DISAMPING KANAN INI.............
PLEASE USE ........ "TRANSLATE MACHINE" .. GOOGLE TRANSLATE BESIDE RIGHT THIS
.................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
T-REC -TUGUMUDA REPTILES COMMUNITY-INDONESIA
More info :
www.trecsemarang2011.blogspot.com
minat gabung : ( menerima keanggotaan seluruh kota dan daerah di Indonesia )
08995557626
FAST RESPON :
08995557626/764047D2
FAST RESPON :
08995557626/764047D2
FAST RESPON :
08995557626/764047D2
FAST RESPON :
08995557626/764047D2
FAST RESPON :
08995557626/764047D2
..................................
..................................
..................................
KSE – KOMUNITAS SATWA EKSOTIK –
EXOTIC PETS
COMMUNITY-- INDONESIA
Visit Our Community and Joint W/ Us....Welcome All Over The World
www.facebook.com/groups/komunitassatwaeksotik/
KSE = KOMUNITAS SATWA EKSOTIK
MENGATASI KENDALA MINAT DAN JARAK
KAMI ADA DI TIAP KOTA DI INDONESIA
DETAIL TENTANG KSE-----KLIK : www.komunitassatwaeksotik-pendaftaran.blogspot.com
GABUNG......... ( menerima keanggotaan seluruh kota dan daerah di Indonesia )
HUBUNGI : 08995557626
Visit Our Community and Joint W/ Us....Welcome All Over The World
www.facebook.com/groups/komunitassatwaeksotik/
KSE = KOMUNITAS SATWA EKSOTIK
MENGATASI KENDALA MINAT DAN JARAK
KAMI ADA DI TIAP KOTA DI INDONESIA
DETAIL TENTANG KSE-----KLIK : www.komunitassatwaeksotik-pendaftaran.blogspot.com
GABUNG......... ( menerima keanggotaan seluruh kota dan daerah di Indonesia )
HUBUNGI : 08995557626
FAST RESPON :
08995557626/764047D2
FAST RESPON :
08995557626/764047D2
FAST RESPON :
08995557626/764047D2
FAST RESPON :
08995557626/764047D2
FAST RESPON :
08995557626/764047D2
........Komunitas T-REC semarang,komunitas
reptil tugumuda reptiles community semarang,komunitas reptil tugumuda
semarang,komunitas semarang,komunitas reptil semarang.............kenali dan
dalami satwa dan reptil dengan bergabung
bersama kami,hubungi 08995557626 / 764047D2.....
........Komunitas KSE ,komunitas satwa eksotik
,komunitas satwa.............kenali dan dalami satwa dan reptil dengan bergabung bersama kami,hubungi
08995557626 / 764047D2.....
.............................
................
Greening Arctic:
Impact of climate change in high latitudes
Date:
June 2, 2016
Source:
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center
Summary:
The northern reaches
of North America are getting greener, according to a study that provides the
most detailed look yet at plant life across Alaska and Canada. In a changing
climate, almost a third of the land cover -- much of it Arctic tundra -- is
looking more like landscapes found in warmer ecosystems.
........................
The northern reaches of North America are getting greener, according to a
NASA study that provides the most detailed look yet at plant life across Alaska
and Canada. In a changing climate, almost a third of the land cover -- much of
it Arctic tundra -- is looking more like landscapes found in warmer ecosystems.
With 87,000 images
taken from Landsat satellites, converted into data that reflects the amount of
healthy vegetation on the ground, the researchers found that western Alaska,
Quebec and other regions became greener between 1984 and 2012. The new Landsat
study further supports previous work that has shown changing vegetation in
Arctic and boreal North America.
Landsat is a joint
NASA/U.S. Geological Survey program that provides the longest continuous
space-based record of Earth's land vegetation in existence.
"It shows the
climate impact on vegetation in the high latitudes," said Jeffrey Masek, a
researcher who worked on the study and the Landsat 9 project scientist at
NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. Temperatures are
warming faster in the Arctic than elsewhere, which has led to longer seasons
for plants to grow in and changes to the soils. Scientists have observed grassy
tundras changing to shrublands, and shrubs growing bigger and denser -- changes
that could have impacts on regional water, energy and carbon cycles.
With Landsat 5 and
Landsat 7 data, Masek and his colleague Junchang Ju, a remote sensing scientist
at Goddard, found that there was extensive greening in the tundra of western
Alaska, the northern coast of Canada, and the tundra of Quebec and Labrador.
While northern forests greened in Canada, they tended to decline in Alaska.
Overall, the scientists found that 29.4 percent of the region greened up,
especially in shrublands and sparsely vegetated areas, while 2.9 percent showed
vegetation decline.
........Komunitas T-REC semarang,komunitas
reptil tugumuda reptiles community semarang,komunitas reptil tugumuda
semarang,komunitas semarang,komunitas reptil semarang.............kenali dan
dalami satwa dan reptil dengan bergabung
bersama kami,hubungi 08995557626 / 764047D2.....
........Komunitas KSE ,komunitas satwa eksotik
,komunitas satwa.............kenali dan dalami satwa dan reptil dengan bergabung bersama kami,hubungi
08995557626 / 764047D2.....
Dengan Landsat 5 dan Landsat 7 data, Masek dan rekannya Junchang Ju , seorang ilmuwan penginderaan jauh di Goddard , menemukan bahwa ada penghijauan luas di tundra Alaska barat, pantai utara Kanada , dan tundra dari Quebec dan Labrador . Sementara hutan utara dihijaukan di Kanada , mereka cenderung menurun di Alaska . Secara keseluruhan , para ilmuwan menemukan bahwa 29,4 persen dari wilayah dihijaukan meluas , terutama di shrublands dan daerah yang jarang bervegetasi , sementara 2,9 persen menunjukkan penurunan vegetasi .
"The greening
trend was unmistakable," the researchers wrote in an April 2016 paper
in Remote Sensing of Environment.
Previous surveys of the
vegetation had taken a big-picture view of the region using coarse-resolution
satellite sensors. To get a more detailed picture of the 4.1 million
square-mile area, scientists used the Landsat 5 and Landsat 7 satellites.
Landsat, like other
satellite missions, can use the amount of visible and near-infrared light
reflected by the green, leafy vegetation of grasses, shrubs and trees to
characterize the vegetation. Then, with computer programs that track each
individual pixel of data over time, researchers can see if an area is greening
-- if more vegetation is growing, or if individual plants are getting larger
and leafier. If, however, the vegetation becomes sparser, the scientists would
classify that area as browning.
Researchers have used
similar techniques to study Arctic and northern vegetation with other satellite
instruments, such as the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). But
Landsat can see smaller differences across a landscape -- it takes one
measurement for each 30-by-30 meter (98-by-98 foot) parcel of land, which is
about the size of a baseball diamond. AVHRR collected one measurement for each
4-by-4 kilometer (2.5-by-2.5 mile) area.
"We can see more
detail with Landsat, and we can see the trend more reliably," Ju said.
With finer-resolution and better calibrated data from Landsat, the researchers
were able to mask out areas that burned, or are covered in water, to focus on
vegetation changes. The more detailed look -- now available to other
researchers as well -- will also let scientists see if a correlation exists
between habitat characteristics and greening or browning trends.
"The resolution
with Landsat is drastically improved, it lets you look at the local effects of
things like topography, such as in areas where you might have small woodlands
or open areas," Masek said. "You can do detailed studies of how
climate impacts vary with geography."
Adding the Landsat
study to previous studies using the AVHRR sensor also adds to the certainty of
what's going on, Masek said. While the two tools to measure the northern
vegetation did produce different results in some places, overall the trend was
the similar -- more plants, or bigger plants, in the Arctic reaches of North
America.
With the higher
resolution Landsat data, the researchers also found a lot of differences within
areas -- one pixel would be brown, and its neighbors green, noted Ju.
"It's very localized," he said. "The vegetation is responding to
the microclimates. That's the benefit of using Landsat data, is that we can
reveal this spatial variation over very short distances."
With the large map
complete, researchers will focus on these short distances -- looking at the
smaller scale to see what might control the greening patterns, whether it's
local topography, nearby water sources, or particular types of habitat. They
also plan to investigate forested areas, particularly in the greening Quebec.
"One of the big
questions is, 'Will forest biomes migrate with warming climate?' There hasn't
been much evidence of it to date," Masek said. "But we can zoom in
and see if it's changing."
Story Source:
The above post is
reprinted from materials provided byNASA/Goddard Space Flight Center. The original item was written by Kate
Ramsayer. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Journal Reference:
1.
Junchang Ju, Jeffrey G. Masek. The vegetation greenness trend in
Canada and US Alaska from 1984–2012 Landsat data. Remote Sensing of
Environment, 2016; 176: 1 DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2016.01.001
