Asupan vitamin yang berlebihan pada tikus hamil dampak pilihan makanan pada keturunannya--T-REC-komunitas reptil-semarang--KSE-komunitas satwa eksotik

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Asupan vitamin yang berlebihan pada tikus  hamil  dampak pilihan makanan pada keturunannya

Sebuah model tikus telah digunakan untuk melihat bagaimana  asupan vitamin di atas persyaratan ( A , D , E , dan K ) berdampak pada perkembangan otak dan perilaku  keturunan  . Selama kehamilan banyak wanita mengkonsumsi diet kualitas yang lebih baik , tetapi juga cenderung menggunakan suplemen vitamin , yang dikombinasikan  melebihi kebutuhan asupan vitamin , ...read more

Excessive
vitamin intake in pregnant rats impacts food choices in offspring

Date:

March 19, 2015

Source:

Canadian Science
Publishing (NRC Research Press)

Summary:

A rat model has been
used to see how maternal intake of above-requirement vitamins (A, D, E, and K)
impact offspring's brain development and behavior. During pregnancy many women
consume better quality diets, but are also likely to use vitamin supplements,
which combined may exceed vitamin intake requirements, authors warn.

.......................

A research group at the
Department of Nutritional Sciences at the University of Toronto, Faculty of
Medicine has been using a rat model to see how maternal intake of
above-requirement vitamins (A, D, E, and K) impact offspring's brain
development and behaviour. Some of their findings were published today in the
journal Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and
Metabolism.

Much research on vitamins focuses on prevention of deficiencies and the
toxicity of very high intakes. However, little has been done on the effect of
intakes above requirements as may be common in current diets because of the
mandatory fortification of food to prevent deficiencies, discretionary
additions of nutrients to foods (such as cereals), and an increased use of
health foods and vitamin supplements. During pregnancy many women consume
better quality diets, but are also likely to use vitamin supplements, which
combined may exceed vitamin intake requirements.

Fat soluble vitamins have distinct roles in fetal growth and development
and this study's objective was to determine the effects of a high fat soluble
vitamin diet during pregnancy on body weight gain, food intake and preference
for palatable solutions in male Wistar rat offspring. This results showed
little effect on weight gain and food intake but did find that brain
development and food preference were affected.

According to Dr. Harvey Anderson, principal investigator and a co-author of
the study, the research showed that high-vitamin maternal diets affected
hedonic pathways regulating food preference in the offspring. For example, the
preference for sweetness was decreased; meaning the pups drank less of a sugar
solution if their mothers were on the high vitamin diets. Thus, it seems
consumption of these vitamins above requirements needed for healthy brains may
impact offspring's dietary food preferences and potentially other associated
behaviours.

"While these data provide novel information on the fundamental role of
fat soluble vitamins in brain development, the rat brain developmental stages
are not the same as in the human," explains Dr. Anderson, a co-author of
this research study. "Nevertheless, it is clear we know little about the
effect of vitamins when taken above requirements on brain development."

The application to human mothers and their offspring remains to be
determined.

The article "A gestational diet high in fat soluble vitamins alters
expression of genes in 1 brain pathways and reduces sucrose preference, but not
food intake, in Wistar male rat offspring" by Sanchez-Hernandez et al. was
published in the journal Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism.







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided by Canadian Science Publishing (NRC
Research Press). Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.    Diana Sanchez-Hernandez, Abraham N.
Poon, Ruslan Kubant, Hwanki Kim, Pedro S.P. Huot, Clara E. Cho, Emanuela
Pannia, Zdenka Pausova, G. Harvey Anderson.A gestational diet high in
fat-soluble vitamins alters expression of genes in brain pathways and reduces
sucrose preference, but not food intake, in Wistar male rat offspring. Applied
Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 2015; 1 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0480

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/03/150319080400.htm

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Vitamin B3 mungkin telah dibuat di ruang angkasa, dikirim ke bumi oleh meteorit--Vitamin B3 might have been made in space, delivered to Earth by meteorites--T-REC semarang--komunitas reptil semarang

18.15

Vitamin B3 mungkin telah dibuat di ruang angkasa

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Vitamin B3 might have been made in space, delivered to Earth by meteorites

Vitamin B3 might have been made in space, delivered to Earth by meteorites

Date:

April 17, 2014

Source:

NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center

Summary:

Ancient Earth might have had an extraterrestrial supply of vitamin B3 delivered by carbon-rich meteorites, according to a new analysis. The result supports a theory that the origin of life may have been assisted by a supply of key molecules created in space and brought to Earth by comet and meteor impacts.

......................

Ancient Earth might have had an extraterrestrial supply of vitamin B₃ delivered by carbon-rich meteorites, according to a new analysis by NASA-funded researchers. The result supports a theory that the origin of life may have been assisted by a supply of key molecules created in space and brought to Earth by comet and meteor impacts.

"It is always difficult to put a value on the connection between meteorites and the origin of life; for example, earlier work has shown that vitamin B₃ could have been produced non-biologically on ancient Earth, but it's possible that an added source of vitamin B₃ could have been helpful," said Karen Smith of Pennsylvania State University in University Park, Pa. "Vitamin B₃, also called nicotinic acid or niacin, is a precursor to NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), which is essential to metabolism and likely very ancient in origin." Smith is lead author of a paper on this research, along with co-authors from NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., now available online in the journal Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta.

This is not the first time vitamin B₃ has been found in meteorites. In 2001 a team led by Sandra Pizzarello of Arizona State University, in Tempe discovered it along with related molecules called pyridine carboxylic acids in the Tagish Lake meteorite.

In the new work at Goddard's Astrobiology Analytical Laboratory, Smith and her team analyzed samples from eight different carbon-rich meteorites, called "CM-2 type carbonaceous chondrites" and found vitamin B₃ at levels ranging from about 30 to 600 parts-per-billion. They also found other pyridine carboxylic acids at similar concentrations and, for the first time, found pyridine dicarboxylic acids.

"We discovered a pattern -- less vitamin B₃ (and other pyridine carboxylic acids) was found in meteorites that came from asteroids that were more altered by liquid water. One possibility may be that these molecules were destroyed during the prolonged contact with liquid water," said Smith. "We also performed preliminary laboratory experiments simulating conditions in interstellar space and showed that the synthesis of vitamin B₃ and other pyridine carboxylic acids might be possible on ice grains."

Scientists think the solar system formed when a dense cloud of gas, dust, and ice grains collapsed under its own gravity. Clumps of dust and ice aggregated into comets and asteroids, some of which collided together to form moon-sized objects or planetesimals, and some of those eventually merged to become planets.

Space is filled with radiation from nearby stars as well as from violent events in deep space like exploding stars and black holes devouring matter. This radiation could have powered chemical reactions in the cloud (nebula) that formed the solar system, and some of those reactions may have produced biologically important molecules like vitamin B₃.

Asteroids and comets are considered more or less pristine remnants from our solar system's formation, and many meteorites are prized samples from asteroids that happen to be conveniently delivered to Earth. However, some asteroids are less pristine than others. Asteroids can be altered shortly after they form by chemical reactions in liquid water. As they grow, asteroids incorporate radioactive material present in the solar system nebula. If enough radioactive material accumulates in an asteroid, the heat produced as it decays will be sufficient to melt ice inside the asteroid. Researchers can determine how much an asteroid was altered by water by examining chemical and mineralogical signatures of water alteration in meteorites from those asteroids.

When asteroids collide with meteoroids or other asteroids, pieces break off and some of them eventually make their way to Earth as meteorites. Although meteorites are valued samples from asteroids, they are rarely recovered immediately after they fall to Earth. This leaves them vulnerable to contamination from terrestrial chemistry and life.

The team doubts the vitamin B₃ and other molecules found in their meteorites came from terrestrial life for two reasons. First, the vitamin B₃ was found along with its structural isomers -- related molecules that have the same chemical formula but whose atoms are attached in a different order. These other molecules aren't used by life. Non-biological chemistry tends to produce a wide variety of molecules -- basically everything permitted by the materials and conditions present -- but life makes only the molecules it needs. If contamination from terrestrial life was the source of the vitamin B₃ in the meteorites, then only the vitamin should have been found, not the other, related molecules.

Second, the amount of vitamin B₃ found was related to how much the parent asteroids had been altered by water. This correlation with conditions on the asteroids would be unlikely if the vitamin came from contamination on Earth.

The team plans to conduct additional interstellar chemistry experiments under more realistic conditions to better understand how vitamin B₃ can form on ice grains in space. "We used pyridine-carbon dioxide ice in the initial experiment," said Smith. "We want to add water ice (the dominant component of interstellar ices) and start from simpler organic precursors (building-block molecules) of vitamin B₃ to help verify our result."

---

Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided by NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center. The original article was written by Bill Steigerwald. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.

---

Journal Reference:

1. Karen E. Smith, Michael P. Callahan, Perry A. Gerakines, Jason P. Dworkin, Christopher H. House. Investigation of Pyridine Carboxylic Acids in CM2 Carbonaceous Chondrites: Potential Precursor Molecules for Ancient Coenzymes. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2014; DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2014.04.001

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NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center. "Vitamin B3 might have been made in space, delivered to Earth by meteorites." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 17 April 2014. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/04/140417191742.htm>.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/04/140417191742.htm

 

 

 

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