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Off
the shelf, on the skin: Stick-on electronic patches for health monitoring
Off
the shelf, on the skin: Stick-on electronic patches for health monitoring
Date:
April 3,
2014
Source:
University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign
Summary:
Wearing a fitness tracker on your wrist or clipped to
your belt is so 2013. Engineers have demonstrated thin, soft stick-on patches
that stretch and move with the skin and incorporate off-the-shelf electronics
for sophisticated wireless health monitoring. The patches stick to the skin
like a temporary tattoo and incorporate a unique microfluidic construction with
wires folded like origami to allow the patch to bend and flex.
................................
Wearing a
fitness tracker on your wrist or clipped to your belt is so 2013.
Engineers at
the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and Northwestern University have
demonstrated thin, soft stick-on patches that stretch and move with the skin
and incorporate commercial, off-the-shelf chip-based electronics for
sophisticated wireless health monitoring.
The patches
stick to the skin like a temporary tattoo and incorporate a unique microfluidic
construction with wires folded like origami to allow the patch to bend and flex
without being constrained by the rigid electronics components. The patches
could be used for everyday health tracking -- wirelessly sending updates to
your cellphone or computer -- and could revolutionize clinical monitoring such
as EKG and EEG testing -- no bulky wires, pads or tape needed.
"We
designed this device to monitor human health 24/7, but without interfering with
a person's daily activity," said Yonggang Huang, the Northwestern
University professor who co-led the work with Illinois professor John A.
Rogers. "It is as soft as human skin and can move with your body, but at
the same time it has many different monitoring functions. What is very
important about this device is it is wirelessly powered and can send
high-quality data about the human body to a computer, in real time."
The
researchers did a side-by-side comparison with traditional EKG and EEG monitors
and found the wireless patch performed equally to conventional sensors, while
being significantly more comfortable for patients. Such a distinction is
crucial for long-term monitoring, situations such as stress tests or sleep
studies when the outcome depends on the patient's ability to move and behave
naturally, or for patients with fragile skin such as premature newborns.
The team
will publish its design in the April 4 issue of Science.
Rogers'
group at Illinois previously demonstrated skin electronics made of very tiny, ultrathin,
specially designed and printed components. While those also offer
high-performance monitoring, the ability to incorporate readily available
chip-based components provides many important, complementary capabilities in
engineering design, at very low cost.
"Our
original epidermal devices exploited specialized device geometries -- super
thin, structured in certain ways," Rogers said. "But chip-scale
devices, batteries, capacitors and other components must be re-formulated for
these platforms. There's a lot of value in complementing this specialized
strategy with our new concepts in microfluidics and origami interconnects to
enable compatibility with commercial off-the-shelf parts for accelerated
development, reduced costs and expanded options in device types."
The
multi-university team turned to soft microfluidic designs to address the
challenge of integrating relatively big, bulky chips with the soft, elastic
base of the patch. The patch is constructed of a thin elastic envelope filled
with fluid. The chip components are suspended on tiny raised support points,
bonding them to the underlying patch but allowing the patch to stretch and
move.
One of the
biggest engineering feats of the patch is the design of the tiny, squiggly
wires connecting the electronics components -- radios, power inductors, sensors
and more. The serpentine-shaped wires are folded like origami, so that no
matter which way the patch bends, twists or stretches, the wires can unfold in
any direction to accommodate the motion. Since the wires stretch, the chips
don't have to.
Skin-mounted
devices could give those interested in fitness tracking a more complete and
accurate picture of their activity level.
"When
you measure motion on a wristwatch type device, your body is not very accurately
or reliably coupled to the device," said Rogers, a Swanlund Professor of
Materials Science and Engineering at the U. of I. "Relative motion causes
a lot of background noise. If you have these skin-mounted devices and an
ability to locate them on multiple parts of the body, you can get a much deeper
and richer set of information than would be possible with devices that are not
well coupled with the skin. And that's just the beginning of the rich range of
accurate measurements relevant to physiological health that are possible when
you are softly and intimately integrated onto the skin."
The
researchers hope that their sophisticated, integrated sensing systems could not
only monitor health but also could help identify problems before the patient
may be aware. For example, according to Rogers, data analysis could detect
motions associated with Parkinson's disease at its onset.
"The
application of stretchable electronics to medicine has a lot of
potential," Huang said. "If we can continuously monitor our health
with a comfortable, small device that attaches to our skin, it could be
possible to catch health conditions before experiencing pain, discomfort and
illness."
Story
Source:
The above
story is based on materials provided by University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The
original article was written by Liz Ahlberg. Note: Materials may be edited
for content and length.
Journal
Reference:
- S. Xu, Y. Zhang, L. Jia, K. E. Mathewson, K.-I. Jang, J. Kim, H. Fu, X. Huang, P. Chava, R. Wang, S. Bhole, L. Wang, Y. J. Na, Y. Guan, M. Flavin, Z. Han, Y. Huang, J. A. Rogers. Soft Microfluidic Assemblies of Sensors, Circuits, and Radios for the Skin. Science, 2014; 344 (6179): 70 DOI: 10.1126/science.1250169
Cite This
Page:
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
"Off the shelf, on the skin: Stick-on electronic patches for health
monitoring." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 3 April 2014.
<www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/04/140403212615.htm>.
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