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Mekanisme kompleks mengendalikan perubahan pada “snake venom” diidentifikasi oleh para ilmuwan
Date:
June 10, 2014
Source:
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
Summary:
Variasi racun dalam spesies ular yang terkait erat telah menjadi fokus dari penelitian terbaru . Tim peneliti menilai komposisi racun dari enam ular viperid yang terkait , memeriksa perbedaan dalam ekspresi gen dan protein yang mempengaruhi konten racun . Penelitian ini juga menilai bagaimana perubahan ini dalam komposisi racun berdampak pada “venom-inducted haemorrhage “ dan “coagulation pathologies” , dan bagaimana perubahan ini dapat mempengaruhi antivenoms yang digunakan untuk mengobati gigitan ular .
.................. Bekerja dengan rekan-rekan dari Universitas Bangor dan Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia di Spanyol , tim menilai komposisi racun dari enam ular viperid terkait , memeriksa perbedaan gen dan ekspresi protein yang mempengaruhi konten racun ....more
Complex
mechanisms controlling changes in snake venom identified by scientists
Date:
June 10, 2014
Source:
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
Summary:
Venom variation in closely related snake species has been the focus of a
recent study. The research team assessed the venom composition of six related
viperid snakes, examining the differences in gene and protein expression that
influence venom content. The research also assessed how these changes in venom
composition impacted upon venom-induced haemorrhage and coagulation
pathologies, and how these changes can adversely affect antivenoms used to
treat snakebite.
...................
Specialist researchers from LSTM have identified the diverse mechanisms by
which variations in venom occur in related snake species and the significant
differences in venom pathology that occur as a consequence.
Working with colleagues from Bangor University and Instituto de Biomedicina
de Valencia in Spain, the team assessed the venom composition of six related
viperid snakes, examining the differences in gene and protein expression that
influence venom content. The research, published in PNAS, also
assessed how these changes in venom composition impacted upon venom-induced
haemorrhage and coagulation pathologies, and how these changes can adversely
affect antivenoms used to treat snakebite.
LSTM's Dr Nicholas Casewell, first author and NERC Research Fellow, said:
"Our work shows that venom variation observed between related snake
species is the result of a complex interaction between a variety of genetic and
postgenomic factors acting on toxin genes. This can involve different genes
housed in the genome being turned on or off in different snakes at different
stages of venom toxin production. Ultimately, the resulting venom variation
results in significant differences in venom-induced pathology and lethality and
can undermine the efficacy of antivenom therapies used to treat human snakebite
victims."
Every year, snakebites kill up to 90,000 people, mostly in impoverished,
rural tropical areas, as well as causing thousands of debilitating injuries to
survivors, in part the reason that snakebite has the status of a neglected
tropical disease. Antivenom can work but its efficacy is largely restricted to
the snake species used in its manufactures and is often ineffective in treating
snakebite by different, even closely related species.
LSTM's Dr Robert Harrison, senior author of the study and Head of the
Alistair Reid Venom Unit, said: "The findings underscore challenges to
developing broad-spectrum snakebite treatments, because conventional antivenom
is produced by immunizing horses or sheep with the venom from a specific
species of snake. Consequently, antivenin produced for one species of
saw-scaled viper will not necessarily neutralize the venom of another species
of saw-scaled viper, highlighting how changes in venom composition can
adversely affect snakebite therapy."
Story Source:
The above post is reprinted from materials provided byLiverpool
School of Tropical Medicine. Note: Materials may be edited
for content and length.
Journal Reference:
1.
N. R. Casewell, S. C. Wagstaff, W. Wuster, D. A. N. Cook, F. M. S. Bolton,
S. I. King, D. Pla, L. Sanz, J. J. Calvete, R. A. Harrison. Medically important
differences in snake venom composition are dictated by distinct postgenomic
mechanisms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
2014; DOI:10.1073/pnas.1405484111