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Studi  baru dalam perang melawan spesies invasif

Ikan mas Asia . Python Burma . Hemlock wol adelgid . Ini hanya beberapa hama yang paling merusak dan spesies invasif terburuk di dunia .....read more

Study advances new tool in the fight
against invasive species

Date:

April 29, 2015

Source:

National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis (NIMBioS)

Summary:

Asian carp. Burmese python. Hemlock woolly adelgid. These are just some of
the most destructive pests and the world's worst invasive species that raise
the hackles of fisherman, farmers, and wildlife managers everywhere they
invade. But how do they establish themselves and take over non-native species
so effectively and efficiently? Knowing answers to these questions could help
experts manage and control invasive species.

.......................................

Asian carp. Burmese
python. Hemlock woolly adelgid. These are just some of the most destructive
pests and the world's worst invasive species that raise the hackles of
fisherman, farmers, and wildlife managers everywhere they invade.

But how do they establish themselves and take over non-native species so
effectively and efficiently?

Knowing answers to these questions could help experts manage and control
invasive species.

In research from the National Institute for Mathematical and Biological
Synthesis (NIMBioS) and the University of Ferrara, Italy, scientists have
devised a new method for investigating the factors that contribute to
biological invasions of non-native species.

Such biological invasions can have dramatic consequences on the
environment. The Japanese beetle known as the woolly adelgid has been eating
its way through hemlock tree stands in the Eastern United States since it was
first introduced there in the late 1950s. Giant Burmese pythons in south
Florida are essentially taking over populations of small animals, as much as
two-thirds of marsh rabbits, for example, and wrecking havoc on the food chain.
Biological invasions can have economic consequences as well. Asian carp, which
spread from Southern fish farms in the 1960s and 70s to wild habitats across
the United States, quickly crowds out native fish species. Keeping this
non-native fish out of the Great Lakes is estimated to cost up to $18 billion.

In the new study, published in the journal Heredity,
researchers used genetic data to analyze multiple waves of a single biological
invasion. The novel aspect of the new study is that the second wave originates
from the same source as the first, whereas most studies consider a second wave
originating from a geographically and genetically different source.

Tested on simulated data across a large range of realistic invasive
situations, the study's method was able to successfully use genetic data to
correctly distinguish a two-wave invasion from a single-wave invasion. The
method also correctly estimated the number of individuals that were introduced,
and to some degree, the timing of introductions.

Prior to this work, some researchers had suggested it might not be possible
to distinguish multiple waves from a single source. This study--the first to
examine this type of invasion-- shows otherwise.

Aside from testing the method on a variety of simulated, realistic
invasions, the new method was also tested on introductions of bumblebees to New
Zealand, which were established there more than 100 years ago. In two
documented shipments of bumblebees to the island, in 1885 and 1906, the study
suggested that one of these introductions failed to establish while the other
did establish and became invasive.

Distinguishing one from two waves of colonization could advance ecological
understanding of biological invasions, such as why many non-natives take a long
time before rapidly increasing. Being able to differentiate between waves could
also help in the management and control of them.

"Knowledge of whether second, or even third or fourth waves occurred
in invading populations can help us better understand the dynamics of
invasions. If second waves are common, managers could use this information to
decide whether, how and when to isolate or eliminate small introduced
populations," said corresponding author and NIMBioS postdoctoral fellow
Sean Hoban.

The results could be especially important for managing and controlling
agricultural or aquaculture pests, Hoban said.

In addition, the results have implications for plant and animal product
inspection and interception of non-native species. According to the research,
strict inspection could be important to continue even after first establishment
to prevent further waves. For example, recent public messages from the Great
Smoky Mountains National Park aim to prevent further waves of establishment of
emerald ash borer by prohibiting people from bringing firewood into the park
from outside. In general, the authors emphasize that their approach could
benefit much future invasive species work.







Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided by National
Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis (NIMBioS). Note:
Materials may be edited for content and length.







Journal Reference:

1.   
A Benazzo, S Ghirotto, S T Vilaça, S Hoban. Using ABC and microsatellite
data to detect multiple introductions of invasive species from a single source. Heredity,
2015; DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2015.38



sumber


http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/04/150429101038.htm

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