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‘Flexible snake armor’ bisa menginspirasi bahan tahan abrasi
Date:
August 15, 2012
Source:
Christian-Albrechts-Universitaet zu Kiel
Summary:
Ular hewan tidak berkaki , yang telah berevolusi sekitar 150 juta tahun yang lalu . Meski tanpa ekstremitas tubuh mereka terkena gaya gesek konstan . Kulit ular bisa menginspirasi sistem di bidang teknik dengan diminimalkan abrasi ....read more
Flexible snake armor could inspire
abrasion-resistant materials
Date:
August 15, 2012
Source:
Christian-Albrechts-Universitaet zu Kiel
Summary:
Snakes are highly specialized legless animals, which have evolved around
150 million years ago. Although without extremities their body is exposed to
constant friction forces. Snake skin could inspire systems in engineering with
minimized abrasion.
...............................
Snakes are highly specialized legless animals, which evolved around 150
million years ago. Although without extremities, their body is exposed to
constant friction forces. The PhD-student Marie-Christin Klein and Professor
Stanislav Gorb of Kiel University found out how snake skin is adapted to
legless locomotion. The skin is stiff and hard on the outside and becomes soft
and flexible towards the inside, independent of habitat. Biology could inspire
systems in engineering with minimized abrasion.
Klein and Gorb are publishing their current results in the August 15 of the Journal
of the Royal Society Interface.
Sakes inhabit all large ecosystems apart from the Polar Regions. They are
able to climb trees and burrow underground. The skin, exposed to a good deal of
friction, has to last until molding takes place, which is every two to three
months. "The skin of snakes therefore has to be optimized against abrasion
wear," assumed Marie-Christin Klein at the beginning of her research.
With Stanislav Gorb she examined the skin of four snake species: sand boa (Gongylophis
colubrinus), the king snake (Lampropeltis getula californiae), the
rainbow boa (Epicrates cenchria cenchria) and the green tree python (Morelia viridis),
which inhabit different environments, from the desert to tropical trees.
"With the help of these four species we found out that the skin
architecture differs depending on habitat. However, all show a gradient in
material properties. This means that the skin of all species has a stiff and
hard outside and becomes more flexible and soft towards the inside, even though
the skin differs in thickness and structure depending on species,"
explains Klein her findings, which confirm her assumption that the skin of
snakes is optimized against abrasion wear. The four snake species achieve this
mechanical effect by developing for instance different cell types. One species
has a relatively thick skin with round cells, while the other has a relatively
thin skin with elongated cells. "This speaks for a functional adaptation
to legless locomotion, which has developed for snakes in both moist and dry
habitats," says Klein.
"This research area is extremely new," Klein reports. "The
general composition of snake skin is known, however, but no one has by now
examined the impact of this on the mechanical material properties. A material
that has a transition from a stiff outside to a flexible inside can distribute
an impacting force over a larger area, therefore decreasing the force on one
single point. Materials like this are like a flexible amour." Possible
application areas can be found in the medical engineering sector, in which
friction could for instance be optimized for artificial implants. Furthermore,
the propulsion and conveyer technique market could profit from the abrasion
minimization findings, since lubrication would have to be implicated less
often. The friction system of snake skin is an important model in the bionics
research at Kiel University (Group: Zoological Institute, Professor Stanislav
N. Gorb) for the development of new and the optimization of already existing
materials.
Story Source:
The above story is based on materials provided
by Christian-Albrechts-Universitaet zu Kiel. Note:
Materials may be edited for content and length.
Journal Reference:
1.
Marie-Christin G. Klein and Stanislav N. Gorb. Epidermis
architecture and material properties of the skin of four snake species. Journal
of the Royal Society Interface, August 15, 2012 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0479